Roaring 20s Great Depression and New Deal

Warren Harding

29th president of the US; Republican; "Return to Normalcy"; presidency was marred by scandal

Herbert Hoover

Eight months after he was president the Great Depression started. Believed charities and churches should help with the depression - as well as rugged indivdualism

Assembly Line

Production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks

Installment Plans

Customers could buy goods by making a small down payment followed by additional monthly payments with interest

Mass Production

Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply

Teapot Dome Scandal

Scandal during the Harding administration involving Albert Fall granting oil-drilling rights on government land in return for money

Scope's Trial

1925 Tennesse trial where teacher John Scopes was charged with teaching evolution; demonstrated conflict between older and newer ways of thinking

Great Migration

Movement of African Americans from the South to the North for jobs.

Red Scare

A social/political movement designed to prevent a socialist/communist/radical movement in this country by finding "radicals," incarcerating them, deporting them

Speakeasies

Bars that operated illegally during the time of Prohibition

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

19th Amendment

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.

Harlem Renaissance

A flowering of African American culture in the 1920s; instilled interest in African American culture and pride in being an African American.

Bonus Army

veterans of WWI who marched to Washington DC to demand the bonus they were promised; Hoover called out the National Guard; created a very poor view of Hoover

Mexican Repatriation Act

Forced migration of approximately one million Mexicans and Mexican Americans to Mexico; many actually children born in US; emerged out of the Great Depression and a widespread assumption that Mexicans were stealing American jobs; many accumulated in border towns

Causes of Great Depression

Over production/under consumption, increasing debt, speculation, uneven distribution of wealth, buying on margin

Hoovervilles

shanty towns (tent cities) named after Hoover to blame him for the Depression

Marcus Garvey

leader of the "Back to Africa" movement

21st Amendment

repealed prohibition

Great Depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

Dust Bowl

A nickname for the Great Plains regions hit by drought and dust storms in the early 1930s

buying on margin

the purchasing of stocks by paying only a small percentage of the price and borrowing the rest

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed. Lead to the Panic of 1929/Great Depression

Langston Hughes (1902-1967)

African-American poet and leading literary voice of the Harlem Renaissance.

Alphabet Agencies/New Deal

Nickname given to Franklin D. Roosevelt's programs to help the U.S during the Great Depression

CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)

relief that provided work for young men 18-25 years old in flood control, planting etc

WPA (Works Progress Administration)

key New Deal agency that provided work relief through various public-works projects

FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)

the government agency that insures customers' deposits if a bank fails

Social Security Act

(FDR) 1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

Sacco and Vanzetti Trial

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree, Massachusetts. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. Convicted on circumstantial evidence; many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities.

Palmer Raids

Part of the Red Scare, these were measures to hunt out political radicals and immigrants who were potential threats to American security; led to the arrest of nearly 5,500 people and the deportation of nearly 400.

Court Packing Plan

President FDR's failed 1937 attempt to increase the number of US Supreme Court Justices from 9 to 15 in order to save his 2nd New Deal programs from constitutional challenges

New Deal

The name of President Roosevelt's program for getting the United States out of the depression

Roaring Twenties

Was a time when many people defied Prohibition, indulged in new styles of dancing and dressing, and rejected many traditional moral standards.

Tennessee Valley Authority

A New Deal agency created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven-U.S.-state region around the Tennessee River Valley . It created many dams that provided electricity as well as jobs.

Goals of the New Deal

Relief, Recovery, Reform

Eleanor Roosevelt

FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. Changed the role of the 1st lady by taking an active roll.

Charles Lindbergh

American pilot who made the first non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean.

Jazz Age

Name for the 1920s, because of the popularity of jazz-a new type of American music that combined African rhythms, blues, and ragtime

Agricultural Adjustment Act

Restricted crop production to reduce crop surplus; goal was to reduce surplus to raise value of crops; farmers paid subsidies by federal government; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in US vs Butler on January 6, 1936

Security and Exchange Commission (SEC)

New Deal agency established to provide a public watchdog against deception and fraud in stock trading

Entertainment of the 1920s

Radio: affordable and good entertainment

Sports and fads: entertained people

Music: Jazz

Motion Pictures: in the 1920s there was no sound,

Bank Runs and Failures

a financial crisis in which a large number of customers simultaneously attempt to withdraw their money from a bank out of fear that the bank will close

Bank Holiday

closed all banks until gov. examiners could investigate their financial condition; only sound/solvent banks were allowed to reopen

Unemployment rate great Depression

Got as high as 25%

Fireside Chats

radio broadcasts made by FDR to the American people to explain his initiatives

Critics of the New Deal

Huey Long, Dr. Francis Townsend, and Father Coughlin.

What ends the Great Depression?

WW2