The Segregated South and American Imperialism (1865-1900)

New South

Post-Civil War economic transformation in the South.

White Southerners

Predominantly white population in the Southern states.

1865-1900

Timeframe marking the New South's emergence.

Economic transformation

Shift from agriculture to industrialization in the South.

Diversified economy

Development of factories, mills, and railroads.

Hardcore segregation

Strict racial separation enforced in Southern society.

Jim Crow

Laws enforcing racial segregation in the South.

KKK

White supremacist group promoting racial terror.

Lynching

Racially motivated extrajudicial killings in the South.

Redeemers

Group claiming to restore Southern values post-Reconstruction.

Post-Reconstruction

Period after 1877 marked by racial oppression.

Tax cuts

Reduction in public funding affecting social services.

Public spending cuts

Decreased funding for schools and public services.

Convict Leasing

System renting convicts as labor to industries.

Vagrancy

Criminalization of homelessness in the South.

Loitering

Arrest for hanging around without purpose.

Prison population spike

Increase in incarcerated individuals due to harsh laws.

Slave labor

Labor system resembling slavery, using convicts.

Economic benefit

Businesses save costs by renting convicts.

Harsh conditions

Brutal treatment of convicts in labor systems.

Free common-wage laborers

Workers competing with rented convict labor.

Victimless crimes

Crimes with no direct victim, like loitering.

New South

Henry Grady's vision for industrialization and diversification.

Convict Leasing

System exploiting prisoners for cheap labor in South.

Great Migration

Mass movement of Black people for wartime jobs (1910-1970).

Disenfranchisement

Systematic exclusion of Black people from voting rights.

Booker T. Washington

Educator advocating for vocational training over civil rights.

Atlanta Compromise

Washington's speech promoting acceptance of segregation.

Tuskegee Institute

School focused on agricultural and industrial training.

Racism in Employment

Black workers excluded from skilled jobs in North.

Industrial Expansion

Growth of factories needing labor in northern cities.

Segregation

Legal separation of races in public life.

Atlanta Cotton Exposition

Event where Washington delivered his famous speech.

Polarizing Message

Washington's views divided opinions among Black leaders.

Self-Help Doctrine

Philosophy promoting individual advancement over political activism.

Second-Class Citizenship

Status accepted by Washington for gradual uplift.

Economic Opportunity

Lack of jobs and wages for Black laborers.

Historical Narrative

Distorted view of Civil War focusing on states' rights.

Labor Force

Group of workers, often exploited for low wages.

Social Separation

Washington's idea of coexistence without political equality.

Industrial Training

Focus on practical skills for employment opportunities.

White Business Owners

Group benefiting from Washington's labor force philosophy.

Uneasy Understanding

North and South's compromise sacrificing racial equality.

Civil Rights Activism

Efforts to secure equal rights for Black Americans.

Lost Cause

Southern narrative rationalizing Confederate defeat and oppression.

Lynching

Extrajudicial killings, often public, targeting Black individuals.

Racial Segregation

Systematic separation of races in social settings.

Self-victimization

Perception of oneself as a victim of oppression.

White Womanhood

Cultural ideal emphasizing purity and protection of White women.

Nativism

Preference for native-born citizens over immigrants.

Exclusionism

Policies aimed at restricting immigration based on nationality.

Phrenology

Study of skull shape to determine character traits.

Eugenics

Beliefs aimed at improving genetic quality of populations.

Generational Wealth

Wealth passed down through generations, enhancing opportunities.

Push Factors

Reasons driving people to leave their homeland.

Pull Factors

Attractions drawing immigrants to a new country.

Cultural Diversity

Variety of cultural expressions within a society.

Immigrant Contributions

Positive impacts immigrants make in their new communities.

Discrimination

Unjust treatment based on race, ethnicity, or nationality.

Carnival-like Lynching

Public lynchings treated as entertainment events.

Territoriality

Native-born Americans claiming dominance over immigrant populations.

Language Diversity

Variety of languages spoken by immigrant groups.

Job Discrimination

Unequal job opportunities based on ethnicity or appearance.

Cultural Traditions

Customs and practices brought by immigrant groups.

Physical Space Scarcity

Limited housing availability due to population growth.

Societal Contributions

Positive societal roles immigrants are expected to fulfill.

Nativism

Belief in restricting immigration to preserve American identity.

Australian Ballot

Voting method ensuring privacy and limiting illiterate participation.

Viva Voce

Voting method by voice, lacking privacy.

Party Ticket

Printed list of party candidates distributed to voters.

Immigration Restrictions League

Group advocating for stricter immigration policies in 1894.

Old Immigrants

Earlier arrivals to America, considered more desirable.

New Immigrants

Recent arrivals blamed for urban issues and unemployment.

Literacy Requirements

Mandates ensuring voters can read and write.

Residence Requirements

Laws dictating minimum residency for voter eligibility.

Women's Era

Period in the 1890s focused on women's economic independence.

White-Collar Jobs

Higher-paying jobs typically held by educated women.

Domestic Service

Traditional employment for women in the early 1900s.

Generational Wealth

Wealth passed down through families over generations.

Urban Crime

Increased crime rates in cities, linked to immigration.

High Unemployment

Economic condition blamed on new immigrant arrivals.

Political Exclusion

Efforts to limit participation of certain voter groups.

Electoral Process

System through which elections are conducted and votes counted.

Voting Privacy

Protection of voter choices from public disclosure.

Economic Independence

Ability to support oneself financially, sought by women.

Curbing Immigration

Efforts to reduce the number of immigrants entering the US.

American Integrity

Concept of maintaining the quality of American society.

Barred Persons List

Official list of individuals prohibited from immigrating to the US.

Disenfranchisement

Denial of voting rights to specific groups.

Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Group advocating for prohibition and women's suffrage.

Racial uplift

Efforts to improve social conditions for African Americans.

Respectability politics

Strategy to gain acceptance by conforming to societal norms.

Frederick Douglass

Abolitionist advocating for black men's voting rights.

Universal suffrage

Voting rights for all adults regardless of gender or race.

Susan B. Anthony

Key figure in women's suffrage and civil rights.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Feminist leader advocating for women's voting rights.

National Association of Club Women

Organization promoting civil rights and women's equality.

Suffrage movement

Campaign for women's right to vote.

Lynchings

Racially motivated killings, particularly of African Americans.

Sharecropping

Agricultural system exploiting poor farmers, often black.