mineral and energy resources
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44 Terms
Minerals in toothpaste
Toothpaste contains abrasive minerals like silica limestone Aluminium oxide and various phosphate minerals
fluoride which is used to reduce cavities also comes from a mineral
Toothpaste is made white with titanium oxide
What is the Role of minerals in life processes
Life processes cannot occur without minerals
0.3% of a total nutrient and take contains minerals
They are so important that without them we will not be able to utilise The other 99.7% of nutrients
What is a mineral?
A homogenous naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure is a mineral
What is a rock
Rocks are combinations of minerals some consists of a single mineral only whereas there are several others with varying proportions
What is the role of geographers
Geographers study minerals as a part of earth crust for better understanding of landforms their study includes the distribution of minerals and associated economic activity
What is the role of a geologist
A geologist is interested and studies the formation of minerals their age along with physical and chemical properties
What are ores?
An ore is used to describe an accumulation of any mineral mixed with other elements
the mineral content of the ore must be in sufficient concentration to make its extraction commercially viable
Minerals are usually found in ores
occurrence of minerals in igneous and metamorphic rocks
Minerals mein occur in the cracks, crevices faults or joints
The smaller occurrences are called veins
The largest ones are called lodes
Minerals found here are tin, copper, zinc lead etc
Occurrence of minerals in sedimentary rocks
In sedimentary rocks a number of minerals occur in beds or layers that are formed as a result of deposition accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata
Example coal and some forms of iron ore
Another group of sedimentary minerals are formed as a result of evaporation
examples include gypsum potass salt and sodium salt
Occurrence of minerals in residual mass of weathered material
By the decomposition of surface rocks and the removal of soluble constituents a residual mass of whethernered material containing ores is left
Example is bauxite
Occurrence of minerals as alluvial deposits
These deposits are also called placer deposits
The generally contain minerals which are not corroded by water
Ex: gold, silver, tin
Occurrence of minerals in Ocean waters
Ocean waters have vast quantities of minerals but most of them are two widely diffuse to be of economics significance
Ex: common salt, magnesium and bromine
Ocean beds are rich in manganese nodules
Ferrous minerals
They account for 3 4th of total value of production of metallic mineral
They provides strong base for development of metallurgical industries
India export substantial quantities of ferrous minerals after meeting internal demands
Briefly describe iron ores
It is one of the basic mineral and backbone of industrial development
India is rich in good quality iron ores
What is magnetite and state its quality
Magnetite is the finest iron
it has high content of iron up to 70%
It has excellent magnetic qualities and is especially valuable in electric industry
What is hematite and state its quality
It is the most important industrial ion or in terms of quantity useed
It has slightly lower iron content than magnetite 50 to 60%
State in which belts iron ore is present in India
Odisha -Jharkhand belt
Durg -baster -Chandrapur belt
Ballari-Chitradurga-Chikkamangaluru belt
Maharashtra Goa belt
State five modes of mineral occurrence
In igneous and metamorphic rocks
In sedimentary rocks
Residual mass of whetherd material
Alluvial or placer deposits
Ocean beds
Which is the hardest mineral
Diamond
Which is the softest mineral
Talc
Briefly describe Odisha-Jharkhand belt
High grade hematite ore is found in badamphar mines
In a joining Singbhoom district of Jharkhand hematite ion is mined
Briefly describe durg baster Chandrapur belt
It lies in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra
very high grade hematite are found in famous bailadila range of hills of Chhattisgarh
It has super high grade hematite iron ore and the best physical properties needed for steel making
From these minds iron ore is exported to Japan and South Korea via Visakhapatnam port
Balari- Chitradurga-chikkamangaluru-Tumakuru belt
It has high reserves of iron ore
Kudremukh deposits are known to be one of the largest in the world
It is a 100% export unit
Maharashtra Goa belt
It includes the state of Goa and Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra
Ores are not of very high quality they are efficiently exploited
Briefly describe the uses of manganese
Manganese is mainly used in manufacturing of Steel and Ferro manganese alloy
It is also used in manufacturing bleaching powder, insecticides and paints
Briefly describe copper along with its use cases and qualities and where it is found
India is critically deficient in reserve and production of copper
Copper is malleable ductile and a good conductor does it is commonly used in electrical cables electronics and chemical industries
It is found in Balaghat mines MP, khetri mines in Rajasthan and Singbhoom district of Jharkhand
Briefly describe bauxite
Bauxite is a clay like substance from which alumina and later Aluminium is obtained
It is formed by decomposition of rocks rich in aluminium silicates
It can be found in Amarkantak plateau Michael hills and plateau region of Bilaspur Katni
Why is aluminium important
It is an important metal because it combines 10th of metals like iron with extreme lightness
It has good conductivity and great malleability
Describe mica briefly
Mica is a non metallic mineral
It is made up of a series of plates or leaves that can easily split into thin sheets
It can be black clear green red yellow or brown and colour
It's benefits include low power loss factor insulating properties resistance to high voltage
It is the most indispensable minerals used in electric and electronic industries
Where is mica found
It is found in North of chota Nagpur plateau
Jharkhand is also leading producer
Briefly describe limestone
It is found in association with rocks composed of calcium carbonate or calcium and magnesium carbonate
It is found in sedimentary rocks
It is the basic raw material for the cement industry
It is essential for smelting iron ore
What are the hazards of mining
The minors are vulnerable to pulmonary diseases
There is also risk of collapsing mind roof along with that fires in coal mine are also risk
The water resources get contaminated
Due to dumping of slurry there is degradation of land soil and increase in stream and river pollution
Why is the conservation of minerals important
The total volume of workable mineral deposits is only one percent of the earth's crust
The geological process of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitly small in comparison to present rates of consumption
Mineral resources are therefore finite and nonrenewable
How can we conserve minerals
A concentrated effort has to be made in order to use a mineral resources in a planned and sustainable manner
Improve technology is need to be constantly evolved to allow use of low grade ores at low cost
Recycling of metals using scrap metals and other substitutes are steps in conserving a metal resources
Uses and classification of energy resources
Energy is required for all activities including cooking providing light and heat to propel vehicles and drive machinery.
Energy sources can be classified as conventional and nonconventional sources
Conventional sources include firewood cattle down cool petroleum natural gas and electricity
Non conventional include solar wind tidal geothermal biogas and atomic energy
Coal is the most abundantly available fossil fuel in India
India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy requirement
College formed due to compression of plant material over millions of years
Coal can be classified into peat, lignite, bituminous coal, metallurgical coal, anthracite
What is peat?
Peat is produced by decaying plants in swamps
It has low carbon and high moisture contents
What is lignite
Lignite is a low grade brown coal which is soft and has high moisture content
It is used for generation of electricity
It is commonly found in Neyveli Tamilnadu
What is bituminous coal
Coal that has been buried Deep and subjected to increase temperatures is bituminous coal
It is most popular coal in commercial use
What is metallurgical coal
It is a high grade bituminous coal which has a special value for smelting iron
What is anthracite coal
It is the highest quality of hard coal
Where is tertiary coal found
Tertiary coal is found in North eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland
Where is metallurgical coal located in India
Damodar valley West Bengal Jharkhand Godavari Mahanadi and wardha vallies