intro to exercise science chapter 3

2 divisions of the nervous system

central and peripheral

Responsible for communication & control of the body

nervous system

key structures of the nervous system

Brain, spinal cord and nerves

CNS is composed of what structures?

brain and spinal cord

which division of the nervous system processes info, decision making.

CNS

PNS is composed of what structures?

somatic and automatic branches

which division of the nervous system is for voluntary and involuntary actions?

PNS

the nervous system initiates muscle __________

contraction

the nervous system coordinates movement & _________.

balance

the nervous system processes sensory input like _____________.

proprioception

what kind of nervous system adaptations is faster reflexes, increased motor unit firing.

acute

what kind of nervous system adaptations is improved recruitment, better skill acquisition

chronic

3 types of muscle

skeletal, cardiac and smooth

Generates force for movement.

muscles

Actin & myosin cross-bridge cycle.

sliding filament theory

the cross-bridge cycle requires _______ & _____.

calcium; ATP

when the muscle fibers lengthen when generating force

eccentric muscle contraction

an increase in the muscle fiber cross-section area

muscle fiber hypertrophy

an increase in the number of muscle fibers in a muscle (not confirmed)

muscle fiber hyperplasia

what type of muscular system response is increased temperature and blood flow, and recruitment of more fibers with higher loads.

acute

what type of muscular system response is hypertrophy (growth of fibers), fiber type transitions, and mitochondrial increases.

chronic

functions of the skeletal system: ______, protection, ________ storage, _____ cell production.

support, mineral, blood

2 types of bone structures

cortical and trabecular

cortical bone is _________

compact

trabecular bone is ______

spongy

bone structure is constantly remodeling through __________/_____

osteoblasts; clasts