Ethics and Guidelines in Psychological and Animal Research

What are the main guidelines for ethical research involving human participants?

APA Guidelines, Federal Guidelines, Local Guidelines

What is the purpose of Informed Consent in research?

Participants must be informed enough about the research to choose whether to participate.

What is Informed Assent?

A process through which minors agree to participate in clinical trials, with consent provided by parents or guardians.

What is the 'Common Rule' in federal regulations?

It is similar to APA guidelines and includes protections for pregnant women, fetuses, neonates, prisoners, and children.

What is debriefing in research?

The post-experimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants.

What are the ethical principles outlined for human research protections?

Respect for persons, Beneficence, and Justice.

What does 'Respect for persons' entail in ethical research?

Individuals should be treated as autonomous agents, and those with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection.

What does 'Beneficence' mean in the context of research ethics?

It involves treating persons ethically by respecting their decisions, protecting them from harm, and maximizing benefits while minimizing harms.

What does 'Justice' refer to in research ethics?

Fairness in the distribution of research benefits and burdens among participants.

What is the role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

To protect the rights, welfare, and well-being of human research participants and ensure compliance with laws and regulations.

What are the guidelines for animal care in research?

Procedures must minimize discomfort, distress, and pain; appropriate sedation must be used; and animals must receive medical care as necessary.

What should be done if an animal experiences severe pain that cannot be relieved?

The animal should be painlessly killed at the end of the procedure.

What is required of personnel conducting animal research procedures?

They must be appropriately qualified and trained.

What standards should methods of euthanasia for animals adhere to?

They should be consistent with the recommendations of the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Panel on Euthanasia.

What is the purpose of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) in research ethics?

To ensure compliance with ethical standards and protect human research participants.

What is the significance of the American Psychological Association (APA) Guidelines?

They provide ethical standards for conducting research involving human participants.

What are the responsibilities of researchers regarding participant confidentiality?

Information about individual participants must be treated confidentially.

What is the importance of sound research design in ethical research?

It ensures scientific integrity and determines if research contributes to generalizable knowledge.

What is the role of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in research ethics?

To ensure compliance with relevant laws and regulations and uphold ethical standards in research.