Overview of Behavioral Psychology and its Evolution

These flashcards cover essential terms and concepts related to behavioral and cognitive psychology, their history, and evolution.

Reflex

A behavior that is an automatic response to an external stimulus.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together, leading to a conditioned response.

Law of Effect

The principle stating that behaviors followed by satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated.

Operational Definitions

Definitions that specify a concept only in terms of observable and measurable events.

Positive Reinforcement

The addition of a rewarding stimulus following a desired behavior, increasing the likelihood of that behavior's occurrence.

Cognitive Behaviorism

A form of behaviorism that acknowledges internal mental processes and how they influence behavior.

Radical Behaviorism

The school of thought in behaviorism that considers all behavior, including private events like thoughts and feelings, as subject to the same principles.

Humanistic Psychology

An approach focusing on individual potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization.

Transpersonal Psychology

A branch of psychology that integrates psychology and spirituality, emphasizing personal growth.

Cognitive Dissonance

The mental discomfort experienced when holding two conflicting beliefs, values, or attitudes.

Self-Actualization

The process of realizing one's full potential and personal growth.

Neurosis

A psychological condition characterized by anxiety, depression, or other maladaptive behaviors that do not involve a loss of contact with reality.

Behavioral Economics

The study of psychological, social, and emotional factors on economic decisions.

Behavioral Analysis

The application of behavioral principles to change behavior in various settings.

Social Learning Theory

The theory that behaviors can be learned through observation and imitation of others.

Gestalt Psychology

A psychological approach emphasizing that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, especially in perception.