BIO 111 QUIZ #1

Scientific Method

A systematic process used to investigate phenomena.

Steps of the Scientific Method

Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data collection & analysis, Conclusion, Replication.

Independent Variable

The variable that is changed by the researcher.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured.

Controlled Variables

Factors kept constant during the experiment.

Control Group

The group that does not receive the treatment; used for comparison.

Experimental Group

The group that receives the treatment.

Fact

An observation that has been repeatedly confirmed.

Theory

A well-supported explanation of facts.

Peer Review

Evaluation of scientific work by other experts before publication to ensure accuracy and reliability.

Scientific Literacy

The ability to understand, evaluate, and apply scientific information to make informed decisions.

Bias

Systematic errors that affect results or interpretation; includes confirmation bias and sampling bias.

Primary Literature

Original research studies.

Secondary Literature

Summaries or analyses of research.

Correlation

When variables change together.

Causation

When one variable directly causes a change.

Pseudoscience

Claims presented as scientific but lacking proper evidence, testing, or peer review.