Animal Anatomy Quiz 2

Functions of Connective Tissue

Supports and holds all organs and tissues of the body—transport system for nutrients and waste products. Cells are embedded in an extracellular matrix or ground substance

What are the types of connective tissue?

Blood, Areolar (loose) connective tissue, Adipose tissue, fibrous (dense) connective tissue, cartilage, bone

what are characteristics of connective tissue?

-most abundant tissue by WEIGHT

-vascularized

3 distinct components: ground substance, extracellular fibers, cells.

Those 3 components constitute the extracellular matrix

what is ground substance

where cells exchange nutrients and waste with blood

amorphous homogeneous material

obstacle for invading microorganisms (microbes)

what are collagenous fibers

strong, thick strands of protein collagen

organized into bundles

varying density and arrangement of fibers

surround organs, tendons and ligaments

what are reticular fibers

-thin, delicate branched networks of collagen

-provide support for highly cellular organs- endocrine glands, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver

what are elastic fibers

composed primarily of the protein elastin

branched to form complex networks - coiled microfibers

occurs in tissues subjected to stretching- vocal chords, lungs, skin, walls of blood vessels

cells in connective tissue

varies based on tissue type:

fibroblasts

adipocytes

chondroblasts

bloodcells

blood as a connective tissue

carries nutrients, oxygen, and waste products

atypical connective tissue

matrix → ground substance = plasma

→ fibrous component = protein (visible upon clotting)

cell types - erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes (platelets)

areolar tissue

-loose connective tissue

-very abundant- beneath skin, around blood vessels, nerves

-fat and macrophages are also present

-predominant cell is fibroblast

adipose tissue

= FAT

-loose connective tissue

areolar tissue in which adipocytes predominate

-located throughout the body

-highly vascular

functions: energy reserves, insulates, protects

ex. lipoma, benign fatty tumor common in dogs

reticular tissue

-loose connective tissue

-thin loosely arranged reticular fibers and fibroblasts suspended in ground substane

-forms framework for organs= stroma

• spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

Dense Regular Connective tissue

-tightly packed parallel collagen fibers- fibroblasts form rows along fibers

-relatively avascular- therefore slow to heal

-locations: tendons and ligaments, sheets of fascia

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

-fibers are interwoven into a single sheet

-multiple directional, so it can withstand forces from many different directions

-locations- dermis of skin, fibrous coverings of organs (kidneys, testes, liver, spleen), tough capsule of joints

Cartilage

-more rigid that dense connective tissues (more flexible than bone)

-no innervation; avascular (can take compressive forces without causing pain)

-cells (chondrocytes)

-matrix: ground substance, tissue fluid, collagen and elastic fibers

-location: joints, ear, vocal chords [framework for bone formation]

3 types of Cartilage

Hyaline- articular Surfaces

Elastic-ear, epiglottis

Fibrocartilage- stronger than the other 2. intervertebral discs

What are bones

The hardest and most rigid connective tissue

Specialized matrix( inorganic collagen fibers and inorganic calcium salts)

Bones- cell types, locations, and functions

cell type- osteoblasts

locations- skeletal frame

well vascularized

functions- protection of organs, calcium reserve, blood cell production, fat storage

what are body cavities defined as

‘potential space’

3 types of body cavities

Thoracic Cavity

Abdominal Cavity

Pelvic Cavity

what are body cavities lined with?

-lined with simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) that secretes small amounts of lubricating fluid

parietal vs visceral

parietal- the surface adjacent to the outer body wall

visceral- the surface adjacent to the organs

what does the thoracic cavity contain?

heart and lungs

borders- ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae, diaphragm

serous lining is called the pleura

what is the inflammation of the pleura called?

pleuritis

what is the mediastinum?

the potential space that separates the right and left pleura

(contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, and thymus)

what is the abdominal cavity

-caudal to the thoracic cavity

-contains abdominal organs

what does the abdominal cavity border?

diaphragm, pelvic, lumbar vertebrae, abdominal muscles

serous lining of abdominal cavity

peritoneum

is there a distinct border between the pelvic and abdominal cavity

no

what does the pelvic cavity border

rectum, sacrum, pelvic inlet