Skeletal System Test Review

3 functions of bones

support and structure, protect organs, make blood

4 classification of bones (shape)

long, short, flat, irregular

membrane covering the diaphysis of long bones

periosteum

the only bone that does not articulate with another

hyoid

the # of bones in the human body

206

what does the term "costal" refer to

ribs

how many true ribs are there

7 pairs/ 14 total

how many floating ribs are there

2 pairs/ 4 total

name the sinuses

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary

function & location of red marrow

where blood is made - flat bones

what is located in the space between vertebrae

intervertebral discs

what nerve enters through the cribriform plate?

olfactory nerve

joint that connects ilium and sacrum

sacroiliac joint

the 3 ossicles

malleus, incus, stapes

3 major categories of joints

immovable, cartilaginous, synovial

3 bones that make up the shoulder joint

scapula, clavicle, humerus

3 bones that make up the pelvic gridle

ilium, ischium, pubis

What are the 2 internal ligaments that stabilize the knee joint in an anterior/posterior direction?

ACL, PCL

What are the 2 external ligaments that stabilize the knee in a medial/lateral direction?

MCL, LCL

What two crescent shaped bands of cartilage articulate with the condyles of the femur?

lateral &medial meniscus

baby's soft spot

fontanelle

What is an epiphyseal plate?

growth plate

osteocytes

bone cells

osteoblasts

bone forming cells

osteoclasts

bone destroying

C1

atlas

C2

axis

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

7

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5

3 sections of the sternum

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

name the carpals (8)

hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

name the tarsals (7)

navicular, talus, cuboid, lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, medial cuneiform, calcaneus

hinge joint example

elbow

saddle joint example

thumb

ball and socket example

shoulder

what bones make up the axial skeleton (7)?

Skull, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, sacrum, coccyx

what bones make up the appendicular skeleton (16) ?

Scapula, clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius, metatarsals, phalanges, carpals, metacarpals, femur, patella, fibula, tibia, tarsals, pelvis, phalanges

What disease is a degeneration of cartilage in the joints?

osteoarthritis

What are 3 disorders involving curvature of the spine?

Scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis

What joint connects the scapula to the clavicle?

AC (Acromioclavicular) Joint