Art, Design, and the Evolution of Photography in the Philippines

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts discussed in the lecture notes, including distinctions between art and design, developments in photography in the Philippines, and global health initiatives.

Art

Primarily focuses on expressing personal feelings, ideas, or emotions.

Design

Involves creating something useful to solve a real problem, with a practical purpose.

Media

Plural of medium, referring to channels of communication like television, radio, print, and the Internet.

Media Art

An artistic field treating media as platforms for creative self-expression.

Daguerreotype

An early photographic process using a silver-plated copper sheet.

Photography in the Philippines

Introduced by Spaniards in 1841, capturing historical events and daily life.

Felix Laureano

Regarded as the first Filipino photographer, known for documenting Filipino life.

Eduardo Masferre

Known as the father of Philippine Photography, he documented the lifestyle of indigenous people.

Contraction and Release

A foundational technique in contemporary dance, focusing on tightening and releasing the torso.

Tobacco Tax Reform

Legislation aimed at reducing tobacco consumption in the Philippines.

Global Health Initiative (GHI)

Collaborative partnerships that mobilize resources to address health challenges internationally.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A set of 17 goals established by the UN to address global challenges and achieve a better future.

Multimedia Art

Artwork that uses a combination of different content forms such as text, audio, images, animations, and video.

Interactive Art

Art that involves the spectator in a way that allows the viewer to influence the work.

Virtual Reality (VR)

A technology that allows artists to create immersive 3D environments for users to explore.

Augmented Reality (AR)

An interactive experience where digital information is overlaid on the physical world.

Digital Photography

The use of electronic sensors to capture and store images as digital data.

Camera Obscura

A dark room or box with a small hole that projects an inverted image of the outside scene onto a surface.

Joseph Nicephore Niepce

The individual credited with producing the first permanent photograph in 1826.

Louis Daguerre

The inventor of the daguerreotype, a commercial success in early photography.

Silver-plated copper sheet

The specific material used as the base for daguerreotype images.

Calotype

An early photographic process introduced by Henry Fox Talbot that used paper coated with silver iodide.

Sinibaldo de Mas

A Spanish diplomat who brought a daguerreotype camera to the Philippines in 1841.

Albert Honiss

A British photographer in the Philippines known for portraits and landscape views in the 1860s.

Photojournalism

A form of journalism that uses images to tell a news story.

Documentary Photography

Photography used to chronicle events or environments both relevant to history and historical events and everyday life.

Street Photography

Photography that features the human condition within public places.

Aperture

The opening in a lens through which light passes to enter the camera body, measured in f-stops.

Shutter Speed

The length of time the camera shutter is open, exposing light to the sensor.

ISO

A setting that determines the camera sensor's sensitivity to light.

Focal Length

The distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters.

Depth of Field

The distance between the nearest and farthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus.

Rule of Thirds

A composition guideline that places subjects at the intersections of a 3 \times 3 grid.

Exposure Triangle

The combination of aperture, shutter speed, and ISO that determines the exposure of an image.

Composition

The arrangement of visual elements within an artwork or photograph.

Traditional Dance

A dance that expresses the culture and values of a specific group of people, often passed through generations.

Modern Dance

A style of theatrical dance that rejected the limitations of classical ballet and favored free expression.

Contemporary Dance

A genre of dance that combines elements of modern, jazz, and lyrical styles with an emphasis on versatility.

Choreography

The art of designing sequences of movements in which motion, form, or both are specified.

Isadora Duncan

A pioneer of modern dance who emphasized natural, fluid movement inspired by nature.

Martha Graham

Known for the contraction and release technique, she is considered a central figure in modern dance.

Fall and Recovery

A dance technique developed by Doris Humphrey focusing on the constant struggle against gravity.

Katherine Dunham

An American dancer who integrated Afro-Caribbean movement into modern dance.

Alvin Ailey

The founder of a famous American dance theater that popularized modern dance through African-American experiences.

Merce Cunningham

A modern dance leader who focused on movement for its own sake rather than narrative.

Labanotation

A system of recording and analyzing human movement, specifically in dance.

Weight (Dance)

The use of body weight to create dynamics, ranging from lightness to heavy tension.

Flow (Dance)

The continuity of movement, described as either bound or free.

Direction (Dance)

The path the dancer takes through space, such as forward, backward, or diagonally.

Rhythm (Dance)

The pattern of movement in time, coordinated with music or an internal beat.

SDG 1: No Poverty

Global goal to end poverty in all its forms everywhere by 2030.

SDG 2: Zero Hunger

Global goal to end hunger, achieve food security, and promote sustainable agriculture.

SDG 4: Quality Education

Goal to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities.

SDG 5: Gender Equality

Goal to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.

SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation

Goal to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.

SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy

Goal to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.

SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

Goal to promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth and productive employment.

SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

Goal to build resilient infrastructure and foster innovation.

SDG 10: Reduced Inequality

Goal to reduce inequality within and among countries.

SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities

Goal to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.

SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

Goal to ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.

SDG 13: Climate Action

Goal to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

SDG 14: Life Below Water

Goal to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources.

SDG 15: Life on Land

Goal to protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems and halt biodiversity loss.

SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions

Goal to promote peaceful societies and provide access to justice for all.

SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals

Goal to strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.

World Health Organization (WHO)

A specialized UN agency that acts as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work.

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Eight goals set by the UN in 2000 to be achieved by 2015, preceding the SDGs.

Sin Tax

An excise tax specifically levied on certain goods deemed harmful to society, like tobacco and alcohol.

Communicable Disease

Illnesses that result from the infection, presence, and growth of pathogenic biologic agents.

Non-communicable Disease

A medical condition or disease that is not caused by infectious agents and is non-transmissible.

Mental Health Act

Legislation in the Philippines (RA 11036) providing for a national mental health policy.

PhilHealth

The Philippine Health Insurance Corporation, which administers the national health insurance program.

Community Health

The health status of a defined group of people and the actions to promote, protect, and preserve their health.

Epidemiology

The study of how often diseases occur in different groups of people and why.

Typography

The art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing.

User Experience (UX)

The overall experience of a person using a product, especially in terms of how easy or pleasing it is to use.

User Interface (UI)

The series of screens, pages, and visual elements that enable a person to interact with a product.

Logo

A graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition.

Iconography

The symbols and images used in a work of art or a design system to represent specific ideas.

Color Theory

The collection of rules and guidelines regarding the use of color in art and design.

Primary Colors

Red, yellow, and blue; colors that cannot be created by mixing other colors.

Secondary Colors

Green, orange, and purple; colors created by mixing two primary colors.

Tertiary Colors

Colors created by mixing a primary color with a neighboring secondary color.

Complementary Colors

Colors located directly opposite each other on the color wheel.

Analogous Colors

Colors that are next to each other on the color wheel.

Warm Colors

Colors that evoke heat or sunshine, such as red, orange, and yellow.

Cool Colors

Colors that evoke a calm or cold feeling, such as blue, green, and purple.

Monochromatic

A color scheme based on only one hue with different tints, tones, and shades.

Hue

The attribute of a color by virtue of which it is discernible as red, green, etc. (the pure color).

Saturation

The intensity or purity of a color.

Value (Art)

The lightness or darkness of a color.

Line (Art)

An element of art defined by a point moving in space.

Shape (Art)

A two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width area.

Texture (Art)

The perceived surface quality or feel of an object in a work of art.

Form (Art)

A three-dimensional object or something in a two-dimensional artwork that appears three-dimensional.

Balance (Design)

The distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, and space in a design.

Contrast (Design)

The arrangement of opposite elements (light vs. dark, rough vs. smooth) in a piece to create visual interest.

Emphasis (Design)

The part of the design that catches the viewer's attention.

Unity (Design)

The feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.