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John Cabot
Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America. Later colonized by the British in search of a better life.
Land Bridge
announce submerged bridge used to cross or migrate to another place thousands of years earlier
Mayans
ancient civilization located in Yucatán Peninsula and present day Guatemala.
Aztecs
ancient civilization (1200-1521AD) that was located in what is present-day Mexico City
Incas
ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru
corn (maize)
staple crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian civilizations.
longhouses
American Indians along the Pacific coast lived in these plank houses. (p.4).
Iroquois Confederation
an alliance of six Native American nations (The, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora) formed in 1570 to end wars between the nations and to stand together to resist European takeover.
Woodland Mound builders
American Indian tribe east of the Mississippi that prosper because of a rich food supply
gunpowder
invented within China during the ninth century, this substance became the dominate military technology used to expand European and Asian empires by the 15th century
printing press
15th century invention, which revolutionized the ability to print information which in turn affected the speed of the spread of information itself
Isabella and Ferdinand
King and queen of Spain, that financed Columbus‘s trip
protestant reformation
A religious movement of the 16th century that began us an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
Henry the navigator
Portuguese Prince, who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa
nation-states
States who populations share a sense of national identity, usually including a language and culture
Treaty of Tordesillas
A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain, and newly discovered lands to the east of the line will belong to Portugal
smallpox and measles
two most deadly disease is introduced to the Americas and Native Americans from Europe
capitalism
an economic and political system in which a country trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit rather than by the state
joint-stock company
a business often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors.
conquistador
A Spanish conqueror of the Americas
Herman Cortes
he was a Spanish explorer, who conquered the Native American civilization of the Aztecs in 1519 in what is now Mexico
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish explorer who led the conquest of the Inca Empire of Peru in 1531–1533
encomienda system
hey, system where by the Spanish Crown granted the Congress, the right forcibly employed groups of Indians; it was a disguised form of slavery
Asiento sustem
this system required a taxi to the king of Spain for slaves that were imported to the Americas. (p.8)
Transatlantic slave trade/ Middle Passage
between 1500 1866, trade in human beings took an estimated 12.5 million people from African societies, shipped them across the Atlantic in the middle passage, and deposited some 10.7 million of them in the Americas as slaves; approximately 1.8 million died during the transaction crossing
juan ponce de leon
Spanish explorer, who discovered and named Florida while searching for the fountain of youth
Henry Hudson
an English explorer explored for the Dutch. He claimed the Hudson River around present in New York and called it new Netherland. He also had the Hudson Bay named for him.
corporate colonies
colonies operated by joint – stock companies during the early years of the colonies, such as Jamestown
royal colonies
Colonies under the direct authority and rule of the kings government, such as virginia after 1624
proprietary colony
english colony in which the king gave land to proprietors through a charter in exchange for a yearly payment
Virginia Colony
This colony was founded in 1607. First settlement was jamestown. Charter to stock company/royal. Tabacco was vital to its survival
Separatists
Small group of Puritans who sought to break away entirely from the church of england; after initially settling in Holland, a number of english separatists made their way to plymouth bay, massachusetts in 1620.
pilgrims
Group of English Protestant dissenters who established plymouth colony in massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the netherlands.
mayflower
in 1620, the boat that the pilgrims sailed to plymouth
puritans
a religious group who wanted to purify the church of england. They came to america for religious freedom and settled massachusetts bay.
Great Migration
massive migration from england over religious and political conflicts. Led by john withrop to Boston and Massachusetts Bay colony.
act of toleration
a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all christian’s
protestant revolt
late 1600s protestant resentment against catholics led to brief civil war, act of toleration was repealed, Catholics lost their right to vote, Maryland was much like virginia except it had greater tolerance of religious diversity
antinomialism
Anne Hutchinson preached this. she believed that you could be faithful and still go to heaven without having to follow the conventional rules. She was kicked out of the church for believeing this
halfway convenant (1662)
the law passed to make it easier for the less religious children of the puritans to become baptized members of the puritan church
rice-growing plantations
large plantations in south carolina worked by enslaved africans that resembled the economy and culture of the west indies
tobacco farms
These were mainly small farms in north carolina, but larger tobacco plantations were found in other parts of the colonies. Made up of endenturrd servants and slaves.
william penn and the quaker’s
founder of pennsylvania
Frame of government
1701- the charter of liberties set up the government for the pennsylvania colony. it established representative government and allowed counties to form their own colonies
mercantilism
an economic theory that a country’s wealth was determined by how much more it exported than imported. Colonies provided raw materials to mother country to make products. purpose: to enrich wealth of parent country.
navigation acts
Laws that governed trade between england and its colonies. colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to england. these acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.
salutary neglect
an english policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies continued economic loyalty
new england confederation
1643- Formed to provide for the defense of the four new england colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies
metacom
aka king philip, native american ruler, who in 1675 led attack on colonial villages throughout massachusetts
Bacons rebellion
1676- Nathaniel Bacon and other west virginia settlers were angry at virginia governor berkeley for trying to appease the doeg indians after the doegs attacked the western settlements. the frontiersman formed an army, with bacon as its leader, which defeated the indians and then marched on jamestown and burned the city. the rebellion ended suddenly when bacon died of an illness.
glorious revolution
A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when james II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter mary and her husband, Prince william of orange
