APUSH 1-2

John Cabot

Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America. Later colonized by the British in search of a better life.

Land Bridge

announce submerged bridge used to cross or migrate to another place thousands of years earlier

Mayans

ancient civilization located in Yucatán Peninsula and present day Guatemala.

Aztecs

ancient civilization (1200-1521AD) that was located in what is present-day Mexico City

Incas

ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru

corn (maize)

staple crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian civilizations.

longhouses

American Indians along the Pacific coast lived in these plank houses. (p.4).

Iroquois Confederation

an alliance of six Native American nations (The, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora) formed in 1570 to end wars between the nations and to stand together to resist European takeover.

Woodland Mound builders

American Indian tribe east of the Mississippi that prosper because of a rich food supply

gunpowder

invented within China during the ninth century, this substance became the dominate military technology used to expand European and Asian empires by the 15th century

printing press

15th century invention, which revolutionized the ability to print information which in turn affected the speed of the spread of information itself

Isabella and Ferdinand

King and queen of Spain, that financed Columbus‘s trip

protestant reformation

A religious movement of the 16th century that began us an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches

Henry the navigator

Portuguese Prince, who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa

nation-states

States who populations share a sense of national identity, usually including a language and culture

Treaty of Tordesillas

A 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain, and newly discovered lands to the east of the line will belong to Portugal

smallpox and measles

two most deadly disease is introduced to the Americas and Native Americans from Europe

capitalism

an economic and political system in which a country trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit rather than by the state

joint-stock company

a business often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors.

conquistador

A Spanish conqueror of the Americas

Herman Cortes

he was a Spanish explorer, who conquered the Native American civilization of the Aztecs in 1519 in what is now Mexico

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish explorer who led the conquest of the Inca Empire of Peru in 1531–1533

encomienda system

hey, system where by the Spanish Crown granted the Congress, the right forcibly employed groups of Indians; it was a disguised form of slavery

Asiento sustem

this system required a taxi to the king of Spain for slaves that were imported to the Americas. (p.8)

Transatlantic slave trade/ Middle Passage

between 1500 1866, trade in human beings took an estimated 12.5 million people from African societies, shipped them across the Atlantic in the middle passage, and deposited some 10.7 million of them in the Americas as slaves; approximately 1.8 million died during the transaction crossing

juan ponce de leon

Spanish explorer, who discovered and named Florida while searching for the fountain of youth

Henry Hudson

an English explorer explored for the Dutch. He claimed the Hudson River around present in New York and called it new Netherland. He also had the Hudson Bay named for him.

corporate colonies

colonies operated by joint – stock companies during the early years of the colonies, such as Jamestown

royal colonies

Colonies under the direct authority and rule of the kings government, such as virginia after 1624

proprietary colony

english colony in which the king gave land to proprietors through a charter in exchange for a yearly payment

Virginia Colony

This colony was founded in 1607. First settlement was jamestown. Charter to stock company/royal. Tabacco was vital to its survival

Separatists

Small group of Puritans who sought to break away entirely from the church of england; after initially settling in Holland, a number of english separatists made their way to plymouth bay, massachusetts in 1620.

pilgrims

Group of English Protestant dissenters who established plymouth colony in massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the netherlands.

mayflower

in 1620, the boat that the pilgrims sailed to plymouth

puritans

a religious group who wanted to purify the church of england. They came to america for religious freedom and settled massachusetts bay.

Great Migration

massive migration from england over religious and political conflicts. Led by john withrop to Boston and Massachusetts Bay colony.

act of toleration

a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all christian’s

protestant revolt

late 1600s protestant resentment against catholics led to brief civil war, act of toleration was repealed, Catholics lost their right to vote, Maryland was much like virginia except it had greater tolerance of religious diversity

antinomialism

Anne Hutchinson preached this. she believed that you could be faithful and still go to heaven without having to follow the conventional rules. She was kicked out of the church for believeing this

halfway convenant (1662)

the law passed to make it easier for the less religious children of the puritans to become baptized members of the puritan church

rice-growing plantations

large plantations in south carolina worked by enslaved africans that resembled the economy and culture of the west indies

tobacco farms

These were mainly small farms in north carolina, but larger tobacco plantations were found in other parts of the colonies. Made up of endenturrd servants and slaves.

william penn and the quaker’s

founder of pennsylvania

Frame of government

1701- the charter of liberties set up the government for the pennsylvania colony. it established representative government and allowed counties to form their own colonies

mercantilism

an economic theory that a country’s wealth was determined by how much more it exported than imported. Colonies provided raw materials to mother country to make products. purpose: to enrich wealth of parent country.

navigation acts

Laws that governed trade between england and its colonies. colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to england. these acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.

salutary neglect

an english policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies continued economic loyalty

new england confederation

1643- Formed to provide for the defense of the four new england colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies

metacom

aka king philip, native american ruler, who in 1675 led attack on colonial villages throughout massachusetts

Bacons rebellion

1676- Nathaniel Bacon and other west virginia settlers were angry at virginia governor berkeley for trying to appease the doeg indians after the doegs attacked the western settlements. the frontiersman formed an army, with bacon as its leader, which defeated the indians and then marched on jamestown and burned the city. the rebellion ended suddenly when bacon died of an illness.

glorious revolution

A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when james II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter mary and her husband, Prince william of orange