psych personality disorders

how poeple think of severly mentally ill

examples from the news that have been discusssed as being extrememly mentally ill

generational divide and shift in language

ex: someone is strugglingw ith their mental health, mroe associated with normalized mental illnesses 

a lot of  young people have been through the pandemic and if you’re coming of age, one thing that happens during that time is significant anxiety and depression bc of the stressful experiences, a lot going on and things uncertain 

we’re still seeing higher rates of a nxiety and depression befoere covide ven though we’ve decreased a bit'/got down from the peak. 

mental disorders are smth that we have an attitude towards

explain the interaction study

there’s this interaction study that asks if you’ve been hospitalized or nont either no, yes panic disorder, yes depression, yes schizophrenia

behavior measure of your willingness to interact with someone that has or has not been in the hospital

they found in control condition, 9o percent of hte indivs are willing to interact with someone that has been hospitalized with panic disoder /control

drop with someoen that has been hospitalized for depression, drop again for those who have been hospitalized for schizophrenia, less than 5o percent

the more they believe that those with mental illnesses have a negative reaction with those with mental disorders, the less likely they will report that they need help

what is psychopathology 

a disorder of the mind 

the overrachring category 

why does cultural context shape the way we consider what is abdnormal

psychological disorders exist globally but there is some cultural bariation

ex: taijin kyofusho-japan mental disorder: people are afriad to interact with others bc they feel like parts of their body don’t smell good

there are similarities between mental disorders but it can be specific on the culture

it has to be abnormal and our cultural norms set the ocntext for us of what is considered normal vs deviant

about how many americans will suffer from a psychological disorder at some point in their lives

how many will be severely effected

about half of americans will suffer from a psychological disorder at some point in their lives

however only 7 percent iwll be severly effected

what is abnormal vs atypical 

a lot of ppl in our society are atypical, aren’t normal like beyonce, steve jobs, etc 

just bc you’re atypical does not mean you have a psychological disorder 

what are the 3 criteria for abnormal,

deviant” behavior that violates the norms of what’s expected, one of the ways that cultural context matters bc what is deviant here might not be deviant somewhere else, have ot think of where you are before consideering if it’s deviant

maladaptive/dysfunctional : interferes with functioning, danger to yourself or danger to others, losing touch between reality and your experiences

personal distress: behavior must lead to personal distress, pretty standard

what are the three deviants

deviant, dysfunctional, and distressing

if you meet all 3 it’s abnormal, but you don’t always have to meet all 3

emphasize maladaptive the most, just being deviant is not enough to be concerned abt it you have to have dysfuncitonal and distress

beehaviors vary from being functional to dysfunctional, it’s like a sliding scale 

behavior can be functional vs dysfunctional depending on social context 

what is the diagnostic criteria

DSM5TR

gives us a set of criteria that a person is required to meet to be diagnosed with a specific disorder

we do a standardized assesment

there are also guidelines to assessments

you can observe behavior on certain tasks

labeling numbers on clock is good for labeling dimensia, must be done by a professional

DSM sorts disorders to categories

the distinguisihing features result in diff diagnostic labels

people can have more than 1 diagnosis, v common

when ppl ahve 2 or more diagnoses, we call that comorbidity=multiple disorders at the same time

standard evlauation criteria

common basis for communication - ties sets of symptoms to disorder labels, labels can be useful to allow scientists in diff places to have a common term

enables research and treatment

soem disorders that go together 

depression and anxiety occur together-comorbid 

diagnostic and statistic anual of disorders -text reviison, not enough to make a new edition

what are the cons of the DSM 

entirely categorical, you have this disorder or you don’t 

human behavior exists on a spectrum and it doesn’t deal with that spectrum 

focuses on problems-not sections are psychological strengths, very disorder focus 

labels open risk of stigma, gives us assessmnent tasks and criteria to label their experiences, smth small as a label can impact our willingness to interact iwth others and we could be continuingg this cycle of stigma 

what is the biological approach

the root of psychological disorder is essentialy biological

gets us a medical model of mental disorders, we see them as physical illnesses that need to be treated via medication

doesn’t acount for everything realted to mental disorders

what is the psychlogical model

focuses on our internal psych epxeirences like emotions, trauma, our personality, our childhood experiences can inform our disorders,

ex like cognitive behavioral therapists

what is the sociocultural model 

approaches psych disorders as a mitch match between int between a person and their behaviors and their ocntexts 

perfered model/ biopsychosocial model

the best model is all of them smooshed together

bio+ psych+sociocultural model

all models interact together

consider influences of all these diff groups

what is the vulnerability stress model, also called the diathysis stress model

childhood trauma can influence genetic pedisposition OR vice versa

biological factors interacting with personal experiences

as we encounter stress, low levels of probability of developing a mental disorder

high levels of probability increase the probability of developing a mental disorder