Studied by 0 people
Exam 1 Covers chapters 1-5
schema
organized patterns of functioning that adapt and change with mental development
assimilation
the process in which people understand an experience in terms of their current stage of cognitive development and way of thinking
accommodation
changes in existing ways of thinking that occur in response to encounters with new stimuli or events
Piaget’s stages of cognitive development
sensorimotor stage - 0-2 years
preoperational thinking - 2-7 years
concrete operational (thought) - 7-12
formal operational - 12-15
sensorimotor stage
(0-2 years) Piaget’s initial major stage of cognitive development, which can be broken down into six substages
circular reactions (when does it develop)
2-18 months
object permanence (when does it develop)
~ 8 months
preoperational thinking
(2-7 years) children’s use of symbolic thinking grows, mental reasoning emerges, and the use of concepts increases
children are not capable of operation, organized, formal, logical mental processes
symbolic function
the ability to use a mental symbol, a word, or an object to stand for or represent something that is not physically present
centration
the process of concentrating on one limited aspect of a stimulus and ignoring other aspects
egocentrism
inability to take another’s perspective
intuitive thought
thinking that reflects preschooler’s use of primitive reasoning and their avid acquisition of knowledge about the world
reversibility
realizing that a stimulus can be reversed, returning to its original form
transformation
process in which one state is changed to another
propositional thought
reasoning that uses abstract logic in the absence of concrete examples
postformal thought (Labouvie-Vief)
thinking that acknowledges that adult predicaments much sometimes be solved in realistic terms
Schaie’s stages of adult development
acquisitive stage
achieving stage
responsible stage
executive stage
reintegrative stage
acquisitive stage (Schaie’s stages of adult development)
the first stage of cognitive development, encompassing all of childhood and adolescence, and the main development task is to acquire information
achieving stage (Schaie’s stages of adult development)
the point reached by young adults at which intelligence is applied to specific situations involving the attainment of long-term goals regarding careers, family, and societal contributions
responsible stage (Schaie’s stages of adult development)
the stage wherein the major concerns of middle-aged adults relate to their personal situations, including protecting and nourishing their spouses, families, and careers
executive stage (Schaie’s stages of adult development)
the period in middle adulthood when people take a broader perspective than earlier, addressing more global concerns
reintegrative stage (Schaie’s stages of adult development)
the period of late adulthood during which the focus is on tasks that have personal meaning
scaffold
framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking
zone of proximal development (ZPD)
the level at which a child can almost, but not fully, perform a task independently, but can do so with the assistance of someone more competent
cultural tools
the aid that more accomplished individuals provide to learners comes in the form of cultural tools.
can be physical objects like pencils and paper or intellectual like language or religious systems
