Topic 7 Regents Chemistry Review: Solutions & Solubility

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a liquid changes to a vapor.

Ion-Dipole Forces

Attractive forces between an ion and a polar molecule.

Molarity

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Parts Per Million (PPM)

A measurement of the concentration of a substance in a solution, defined as the number of parts of solute per one million parts of solvent.

Percent By Volume

The ratio of the volume of the solute to the volume of the solution, multiplied by 100%.

Percent Mass

The ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution, multiplied by 100%.

Saturated

A solution that contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute at a given temperature.

Solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.

Solvent

The substance in which the solute is dissolved to form a solution.

Supersaturated

A solution that contains more dissolved solute than is present in a saturated solution at the same temperature.

Unsaturated

A solution that contains less solute than the maximum amount that can be dissolved at a given temperature.

Vapor

The gaseous phase of a substance that is normally liquid or solid at room temperature.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase.

Nonpolar substances

Substances like fats that do not dissolve in water due to weak attractive forces between their molecules and water molecules.

"Like dissolves like"

Concept indicating that solutes will dissolve in solvents with similar properties.

Temperature and solubility

Most solids become more soluble in water as temperature increases, while gases become less soluble in liquids with rising temperature.

Pressure and solubility

Pressure has minimal impact on the solubility of solid or liquid solutes but increases the solubility of gases in liquids.

Homogenous mixtures

Mixtures where the components are uniformly distributed

Clear solutions

Solutions that are transparent and do not scatter light

Colored solutions

Solutions that exhibit color due to dissolved substances

Non-settling solutions

Solutions where the components do not separate or settle at the bottom

Filter-passing solutions

Solutions that can pass through a filter, leaving behind any undissolved particles