4.1 Transverse and Longitudinal Waves

Define a Wave

A repeated vibration that transfers energy but not matter

Progressive Wave

A wave where energy is transferred without transferring matter

Stationary Wave

A wave with no net energy transfer

What is a transverse wave?

A wave that oscillates perpendicular to the direction of the wave.

What are examples of transverse waves?

Electromagnetic waves, water waves, waves on strings, earthquake waves.

Displacement

How far a wave has travelled from equilibrium position

Amplitude

Maximum displacement from equilibrium position

Wavelength

The length of one complete wave. Distance from peak to peak.

Longitudinal Waves

A wave that oscillates parallel to the direction of the wave made of compressions and rarefactions

Compressions

Region where particles are closest together

Rarefaction

Region where the particles are furthest apart

Define Time Period (T)

The time taken for one complete wave, measured in seconds.

Define the frequency of a wave

The number of complete waves per second measured in Hertz (Hz)

Frequency Equation

f = 1/T (frequency = 1/period)

Wave Speed Equation

v = f x λ