Cell Structure and Function

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions related to cell structure and function.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; smaller and less complex.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; larger and more complex.

Organelle

Structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that holds the cell's DNA.

Ribosomes

Cell structures that make proteins, found in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum.

Mitochondria

Organelles that convert nutrients into energy (ATP) and assist with cell movement.

Cell Membrane

The protective bilayer in all cells that regulates the entry and exit of molecules.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells that carry out photosynthesis, converting solar energy into food.

Facilitated Diffusion

Passive transport that uses channel or carrier proteins to move molecules from high to low concentration without energy.

Osmosis

The diffusion of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution with a higher concentration of solute outside the cell, causing water to move out.

Hypotonic Solution

A solution with a lower concentration of solute outside the cell, causing water to move in.

Isotonic Solution

A solution with equal solute concentrations on either side of the membrane, resulting in no net movement of water.

Turgor Pressure

The pressure created in plant cells from the cell membrane pushing against the cell wall when in a hypotonic solution.