Cytoskeleton Overview

These flashcards cover the fundamental concepts related to the cytoskeleton, focusing on intermediate filaments, microtubules, and actin filaments, along with their structures, functions, and dynamics.

What are the main components of the cytoskeleton?

Intermediate filaments, microtubules, and actin filaments.

What is the role of the cytoskeleton in cells?

Establishing cell shape, providing mechanical strength, aiding in cell movement, chromosome separation, intracellular transport, and organelle movement.

What are intermediate filaments?

Rope-like fibers that provide tensile strength and flexibility to tissues, allowing for cell deformation.

What are the two main types of intermediate filaments?

Cytoplasmic (e.g., keratins, vimentin) and nuclear (e.g., nuclear lamins).

What is the structure of microtubules?

Hollow cylinders formed by tubulin proteins, with structural polarity and composed of protofilaments.

What is dynamic instability in microtubules?

The rapid switching between polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules.

What role do kinesin and dynein motor proteins play in intracellular transport?

Kinesins transport cargo towards the plus end of microtubules, while dyneins transport cargo towards the minus end.

What is treadmilling in actin filaments?

The process by which actin filaments grow at one end while simultaneously disassembling at the other end, maintaining a constant filament length.

What are the functions of actin filaments?

Providing mechanical strength, maintaining cell shape, facilitating locomotion, and participating in muscle contraction.

What is the significance of ATP hydrolysis in actin dynamics?

ATP hydrolysis decreases the stability of the actin polymer, affecting the rate of growth and disassembly.