psych - science of learning

short-sighted learning

cramming; takes longer to study everything

long-lasting learning

retaining the most information in the least time

4 components of long-lasting learning — where (multitasking)

• suppress distractions

• multitasking — simultaneous completion of 2 or more tasks

• task-switching — decreased performance

4 components of long-lasting learning — when (spacing effect)

• spacing effect — distributing learning over time

• students who cram may display exceptional performance if evaluated immediately after studying

4 components of long-lasting learning — how (repeated exposure + fluency, better + 3×3 + inter…)

• repeated exposure — exposure to material in its raw form until memorized

  • fluency — material seems familiar after repeated exposure leading to a mistaken grasp

• better strategies

  • practice testing

  • retrieval practice

  • 3×3 rule — recall material 3 times in a session, retrieve material 3 times with each session spaced 1 week apart

  • self-explanation

  • interleaved practice — mixing topics

4 components of long-lasting learning — desirable difficulties

strategies that initially slow down learning can be more efficient in the long run