Chapter 5- Cardiorespiratory

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to cardiovascular physiology.

Cardiovascular System

responsible for transportation of blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

Primary function of cardiovascular system

transportation

Blood Components

Plasma, white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cells

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body and brings carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

Sinoatrial Node (SA Node)

The natural pacemaker of the heart that initiates electrical impulses for heart contraction.

Atrioventricular Node (AV Node)

located between the atria and ventricles that delays the impulse to allow ventricles to fill before contracting.

Stroke Volume (SV)

The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle with each heartbeat.

Cardiac Output (Q)

The volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, calculated by multiplying heart rate by stroke volume.

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Average pressure in a person's arteries during one cardiac cycle.

Diastole

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscles relax and chambers fill with blood.

Systole

The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscles contract and pump blood out of the heart.

Pulmonary Circuit

carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs for gas exchange.

Systemic Circuit

provides oxygen-rich blood to the body, transporting nutrients and removing waste.

Electrical Activity of the Heart

The heart's electrical signals, measured by an electrocardiogram (EKG), indicating heart function.

Blood Pressure

circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, expressed as systolic over diastolic pressure.

Erythrocytes

Another term for red blood cells, which are responsible for oxygen transport.

Sickle Cell Disease

A genetic disorder causing red blood cells to become misshaped, leading to various health complications.

Capillary Beds

Networks of capillaries in tissues where the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste occurs.

Venous Return

The flow of blood back to the heart from the body, critical for maintaining blood circulation.

Pulmonary Ventilation

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs, also referred to as breathing.

Boyle's Law

the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.