APSUH Period 5

Carrie A. Nation

A prominent American temperance advocate known for her radical approach to promoting prohibition by using a hatchet to destroy saloons.

Charles Grandison Finney

An influential preacher and leader in the Second Great Awakening, known for his revivalist meetings and promotion of social reforms.

Dorothea Dix

An American activist who played a crucial role in the movement to reform the treatment of the mentally ill and establish mental asylums.

Frederick Douglass

Influencial writer. one of the most prominent african american figures in the abolitionist movement. escaped from slavery in maryland. he was a great thinker and speaker. published his own antislavery newspaper called the north star and wrote an autobiography that was published in 1845.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

novelist. wrote uncle tom's cabin, a book about a slave who is treated badly, in 1852. the book persuaded more people, particularly northerners, to become anti-slavery.

John Brown

John Brown hoped for a massive slave rebellion starting at Harpers Ferry. Brown and his followers took control of the armory.

Joseph Smith

the founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, commonly known as the Mormon Church.

Nat Turner

slave in virginia who started a slave rebellion in 1831 believing he was receiving signs from god his rebellion was the largest sign of black resistance to slavery in america and led the state legislature of virginia to a policy that said no one could question slavery.

Susan B. Anthony

A prominent women’s rights activist who played a key role in women’s suffrage and slave abolition.

William Lloyd Garrison

prominent american abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "the liberator", and one of the founders of the american anti-slavery society.

“Bleeding Kansas”

The Bleeding Kansas period refers to a violent conflict that occurred between 1854 and 1859 in the Kansas Territory, as pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions clashed over whether Kansas should enter the Union as a free or slave state.

54-40 or fight

'54° 40' or fight!' was a slogan used during the 1844 presidential campaign, advocating for the US to claim the entire Oregon Territory up to latitude 54° 40'.

American Colonization Society

The American colonization society was founded in 1817 for purpose of transporting blacks back to Africa.

Battle of the Alamo

Siege fought between American rebels, fighting for Texan independence from Mexico, against Mexican forces under Santa Anna. Rebels are captured and killed.

Compromise of 1850

admission of California as a "free state," provided for a territorial government for Utah and New Mexico, established a boundary between Texas and the United States, called for the abolition of slave trade in Washington, DC, and amended the Fugitive Slave Act.

Gadsden Purchase

The Gadsden Purchase was the 1853 treaty in which the United States bought from Mexico parts of what is now southern Arizona and southern New Mexico.

German immigrants

German Americans were employed in many urban craft trades, especially baking, carpentry, and the needle trades. Pennsylvania.

Irish Immigrants

For the most part illiterate, and with limited skills, from the 1820s on most Irish immigrants found their first job as laborers.

Kansas Nebraska Act

opened kansas and nebraska to popular sovereignty regarding slavery.

Know Nothing Party

They believed native-born Americans were superior to immigrants and should be protected from immigration.

Maine Laws

forbade the sale or manufacture of liquor.

Manifest Destiny

the nineteenth century idea that Americans were destined to expand and into the West and cultivate and civilize the country from coast to coast.

Ostend Manifesto

a document written in 1854 that described the rationale for the United States to purchase Cuba from Spain while implying that the U.S. should declare war if Spain refused

Peculiar Institution

started as a chattel system that eventually developed into an “inescapable part of life in the Old South.” euphemism

Popular sovereignty

majority rules regarding slavery

Second Great Awakening

The Second Great Awakening was a big religious revival in the early 19th century America. It sparked a rise in church membership and personal faith, especially among women.

Seneca Falls Convention

1848 gathering in Seneca Falls, New York, where Elizabeth Cady Stanton and others issued the Declaration of Sentiments, demanding women's suffrage and equal rights.

Slave resistance

Enslaved Africans resisted through revolts, hunger strikes, and escape attempts.

Sumner-Brooks Affair

The caning of Charles Sumner, or the Brooks–Sumner Affair, occurred on May 22, 1856, in the United States Senate chamber, when Representative Preston Brooks, a pro-slavery Democrat from South Carolina, used a walking cane to attack Senator Charles Sumner, an abolitionist Republican from Massachusetts.

Transcendentalism

a philosophy that asserts the primacy of the spiritual and transcendental over the material and empirical.

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which brought an official end to the Mexican-American War

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Utopian communities

a series of social experiments in the early to mid-19th century aimed at creating ideal societies based on various philosophical, religious, or communal principles.