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“Man is the measure of all things”
Protagoras( 481 – 411 BC)
Humanities
refer to the arts: architecture, painting, sculpture, music, dance, theater or drama and literature ( branches of learning concerned with human thought, feelings and relations)
Art
from the term “artis” – meaning craftsmanship, skill, mastery of form, inventiveness and the association that exist between form and ideas and between materials and techniques, Aryan root “ar” – to join or put together, Greek “artizein” – to prepare, “arkiskein” – put together
What meaning is conveyed by Da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man (1490)?
Humanus
Came from the Latin which means human, cultured and refined
Characteristics of Human
Rationality, benevolence and care, cultured and refined
Humanities
Contains the records of man’s quest for answers to the fundamental questions he asks himself and about the world we live in
Humanities according to Martin &Jacobus (2004)
Studies man and the manner in which he conducts himself from the time of his existence to the present
Humanities
Is composed of academic disciplines that make it distinctive in both content and method from the physical and biological sciences and from the social sciences
Humanities
The study of humanities is devoted to understanding the different phenomena within the human cultural contexts
Humanities
Studies how people process and document the human experience using philosophy, religion, literature, art and history as their way of understanding and recording the world
Humanities
Studies how individuals’ manner of expression varies as they record human experiences and how the way of documenting these forms a connection between and among humans of the past, present and future
1st Fundamental Principles of the Humanities
Human nature is inherently good.
2nd Fundamental Principles of the Humanities
Individuals are free and are capable of making choices.
3rd Fundamental Principles of the Humanities
Human potential for growth and development is virtually unlimited.
4th Fundamental Principles of the Humanities
Self-concept plays an important role in growth and development.
5th Fundamental Principles of the Humanities
Individuals have an urge for self actualization.
6th Fundamental Principles of the Humanities
Reality is defined by each person.
7th Fundamental Principles of the Humanities
Individuals have a responsibility to both themselves and to others.
Aryan
root “ar” – to join or put together
“Sars” or “artis”
Latin term which means everything that is artificially made or composed by man
Art according to Adams (2002)
Refers to the skillful arrangement or composition of some common but significant qualities of nature such as sounds, colors, lines, movements, words, stone and wood to express feelings, thoughts, imaginations and dreams in an amazing, meaningful and enjoyable way.
Art
Is subjective; it employs the use of perception, insights, feelings and intuition
Art
It is the heightened expression of human dignity and weaknesses felt and shared so powerfully in a world increasingly aware of its successes and failures
Art
It is man’s expression of himself as an individual and how he views his existence
Art
Provides enjoyment and stimulation specially when people understand them
Functional art forms
Need for life to be better
Functional art forms
Architecture, weaving, furniture making
Non- functional art forms
painting, sculpture, dance,theater, music, literature
Non- functional art forms
Need for aesthetic and beauty
Other functions of Art
The need for expression
The social need for display, celebration and communication
The physical needs for functional objects (form + function)
Philosophy
field of discipline which has attempted to explain almost all aspects of human existence
Aesthetics
study of beauty and taste, concerned with the nature of art and used as basis for interpreting and evaluating individual works of art
Plato ( 428 – 347 BC)
philosopher of Ancient Greece, known for his Dialogues together with Socrates, loved and hated the arts at the same time, with the Republic being his work Plato was seen as a good literary stylist and great story teller, considered the arts as threatening, believed that “ though arts can be used to train citizens to have an ideal society, using arts to accomplish this should be strictly controlled”, explained that the physical world is a copy of a perfect, rational, eternal and changeless original which he called FORMS
Forms
The physical world is a copy of a perfect, rational, eternal and changeless original according to Plato
Plato’s Ideas of the Arts
1. Art is imitations
2. Art is dangerous
Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BC)
Student of Plato, first distinguished between “what is good and what is beautiful”, universal elements of beauty are manifested by order, symmetry and definiteness, in his Poetics he stated that physical manifestation of beauty is affected by SIZE, considered art as imitation or a representation of nature, his emphasis of the art is on POETRY (more philosophic that Philosophy itself)
Poets imitated the following according to Aristotle
Things and events which have been or still are
Things which are said to be seen and are probable
Things which essentially are
Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804)
German, Enlightenment philosopher, wrote a treatise on Aesthetics ( Observations on the Feelings of the Beautiful and the Sublime), is main interest was not on art but on BEAUTY that it is a matter of TASTE
Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804)
He explained that TASTE can be both SUBJECTIVE and UNIVERSAL.
Immanuel Kant (1724 – 1804)
For him, beauty is a question of form and color is NOT IMPORTANT
Kinds of Aesthetic Responses:
Beauty results in pleasure if there is order, harmony and symmetry
Beauty leads to a response of awe that overwhelms the viewers of the art
Artist
a person who exhibits exceptional skills in the visual and/or the performing arts, more sensitive, very perceptive and more creative, has the knack of interpreting ideas into an artistic form using mediums as words, pigments, clay, stone, musical notes or a combination of any of the mentioned items
Creation
Is defined as a formal expression of the considered human experience ( form and substance )
Artisan
is a person who is in a skilled trade that involves making things by hand, a craft worker who makes or creates objects of great beauty by using his hands, focus particularly on the technique and medium of the craft and through experience hone their skills enabling them to reach the level of artists
Examples of artisans
Wood carvers of Paete, ceramic makers of Tiwi, basket weavers of Pangasinan, pina weavers of Kalibo
Painting
Application of pigment to a surface, application in order to create beauty would depend on the unique technique employed by the artist and the kind of medium that was used, it is a two-dimensional art form ( Luna’s Spolarium and Da Vinci's Mona Lisa)
Sculpture
Art form best described as three-dimensional, the sculptor creates a solid form using molding, carving, welding, casting and assembling, popular mediums are clay, wood, stone, metal, ice, glass and plastic (Rizal Monument, UP Oblation)
Architecture
Most functional of all the art forms, involves creating designs for buildings and infrastructures, would need the assistance of engineers, contractors and skilled workers in order for work to be functional (Malacanang Palace, CCP in Manila and BurjKhalifa in Dubai)
Music
Art of sound expressed through a song, the use of instruments or a combination of both, expresses harmony, rhythm and melody that is soothing or appealing to the taste of its audience (Philippine Kundimans and Popular Songs of Sarah Geronimo and Gary Valenciano)
Dance
Art of body movements that is attuned to a musical piece, should be graceful and in rhythm with the accompanying musical piece, used as a FORM of WORSHIP during the ancient times ( tinikling, singkil and ballet)
Literature
Art of using words to express thoughts, ideas and feelings, may be in the forms of poetry, novel, short story, essay, epic and legends (Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey and Nick Joaquin’s The Woman Who had Two Navels)
Theater
The performance of drama, actors perform on a stage in front of a live audience, dialogues may be recited, sung or eliminated (pantomimes) (Midsummer Night's Dream and Noli Me Tangere)
Other Contemporary Forms
Photography, digital arts, installations
Visual Arts vs Performing Arts
Pointers in Appreciating the Arts
Give a good physical description of the artwork based on their knowledge of art elements and materials
Analyze the artwork in terms of what the artist wants his work to represent and their subjective reaction to the work which includes their thoughts and feelings
Perceive the artwork in the context of its history
Give meaning to the artwork based on its description, analysis and context
Judge the artwork as to whether it is good or bad based on the learner’s perception of it and its aesthetic and cultural value
Subject
refers to what the work represents, could be a person, object, scene or event
Nature
most popular source of objective art
People
the most interesting subject
Legends
Present to viewers of the art something tangible even when unverified, “life” is brought in this source of subject
History
depicts real events which are verifiable facts that occurred in the past, purpose may be to commemorate or teach history to the viewers
Mythology
Based from the stories of gods and goddesses of ancient Greece, Rome, Celts, Norse and the Egyptians
Religion
based on the sacred texts(Bible, Quran, Torah), art is the handmaid of religion
Technology
The modern era
Dreams and Fantasy
the intrigue of the unconscious
Realism
depicts the artist’s attempt of portraying the subject as it is, try to be as objective as possible, the most popular way of presenting art subjects
Naturalism
subject is made to appear and behave like human beings, always depicted in idealized human form
Distortion
subject of misshapen or twisted out, done to dramatize the shape of a figure or to create a dramatic, emotional effect
Abstraction
“ move away or separate from”, subject representation moves away from reality and involves the process of simplifying or reorganizing characteristics and elements of the work to adhere to the artist’s level of artistic expression
Elongation
subject is stretched vertically and/or lengthened to give the impression of thinnes
Mangling
subject is shown as cut, lacerated, mutilated or hacked with repeated blows.
Symbolism
subject is presented as visible sign of something invisible such as an idea or quality, involves studying the background and personality of the artist and his relationship to the societal period that inspired the symbolisms ingrained in his art
Cubism
abstract form is presented through the use of figures: cone, cylinder, sphere, triangle, square, cube and circle in place or real pictorial elements
Fauvism
began in France and was the first organized movement in painting of the 1900’s led by Henri Matisse, the term literally means “wild beasts”, the FAUVES did not express ethical, philosophical or psychological themes but painted pictures of comfort, joy and pleasure, used bright colors that did not reflect reality ( leaves as orange and the sky as bright yellow
Dadaism
Dada is French for “hobby horse”, an art movement that doesn’t follow the traditions and principles in art, a revolt against tradition and aims to show the wickedness of society, tries to shock society and provoke the public with outrageous pieces of writing, poetry recitals and art exhibits
Futurism
– art movement that began in Italy which aims at making their works capture the speed and force of the modern industrial society
Surrealism
invented term for super realism, the art movement began in Paris in 1924 by the French poet Andre Breton, emphasized the activities of the unconscious mind, subjects attempt to show man’s inner mind and how he may perceive his outside world, themes are mostly violent and cruel which reveals the deep, true and ugly part of human nature
Expressionism
occurred during the first decade of the 20th century in Germany, believe that man needs spiritual rebirth for him to correct defects that ruin the society, subjects presented involve chaos, sadness, tragedy and defeat
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