1920s, Great Depression, New Deal Test

Teapot Dome (3)

1. Government owned oil field

2. Albert Falls=head of Department of Interior

3. He signed contracts to line his pockets with $400k

Ohio Gang

used white house connections to take $

Indian Citizenship Act

Native Americans are granted citizenship and the right to vote in 1924

Prohibition

alcohol ban ratified with 18th amendment, revoked with 21st

Scopes (Monkey Trial)

John Scopes found guilty for breaking law to teach evolution in Tennessee, contradicted old testament → upsetting people in Bible Belt (TN); adapt & change vs 6 days

William Jennings Bryan: prosecution lawyer, fundamentalist, cross of gold (wanted silver not gold), running for pres

Clarence Darrow: defense lawyer, defended people at Pullman Strike (railroad strike)

Red Scare

fear of communist revolution in US, after Bolshevik Revolution in Russia Americans were scared it would spread, Palmer Raids (mass arrests trying to contain it)

Margaret Sanger/Birth Control

founder of Planned Parenthood, wanted access to birth control/information, wanted legal abortion

Alice Paul

wrote Equal Rights Amendment (calls for equality regardless of gender)

Carrie Chapman Catt

president of the National Women’s’ Suffrage Association (after Susan B. Anthony), produced “Winning Plan” to ratify the vote for women (get votes state by state)

19th amendment

gave women the right to vote, Tennessee is last state needed to ratify the amendment

Women’s march 1913

The day before Woodrow Wilson became president, women marched through Pennsylvania Avenue for suffrage

Flappers

young women with short dresses to embrace freedom from societal constraints

Marcus Garvey

leader of Pan Africa (“back to Africa“ movement = create a nation, Liberia, from blacks who migrate back to Africa), founded Universal Negro Improvement Association (black pride, self-determination)

Henry Ford, Model T

The first affordable car, made by Henry Ford, the first mass produced vehicle, helped people travel farther for work, started use of the assembly line

Cotton Club

Harlem’s famous jazz nightclub during Prohibition, featured famous African American entertainers (Louis Armstrong etc.)

Josephine Baker

African American performer, WWII spy, famous for her banana dress, a flapper, worked in France mostly

Harlem Renaissance

African American cultural pride movement and revival of dance, art, theater, music (jazz and blues), politics

Great Migration

African American migration from the South to other parts of the U.S. for greater economic opportunities and treatment, led to the building of now historically black communities

Radio

Used to transmit messages and music through signals, used in FDR’s fireside chats

Sacco and Vanzetti

Anarchist Italians who were accused of robbery and murder, they were innocent, however were declared guilty and still executed

KKK in the 1920’s (how did its popularity come to an end?)

The movie Birth of the Nation sparked a revivalism in the KKK; centered on white US born male protestants in Southern cities—decline was sparked by differences in beliefs and poor leadership that caused controversies within the group–Senator of Indiana and leader in the clan, Stephenson, he raped, assaulted, and ultimately caused the death of Madge Oberholtzer

Al Capone

Chicago gangster leader nicknamed Scarface known for gambling, prostitution, bootlegging, bribery, drug trafficking, robbery, murder, “protection” rackets, and know for being arrested for tax evasion

Organized crime in the 1920s

Crime that is connected between groups to run illegal activities often with gangs; increased during the Prohibition & know for bootlegging & rum running

Tulsa Race Riots

White supremacists attacked and massacred a prospering Black community, located on Greenwood avenue, for two days the violence ensued.  The white mob burned the city and destroyed businesses–a huge setback for African Americans

Why did the market crash?

people borrowed money to buy stocks, buying on margin, bank rushes due to panic, banks don’t have cash on them

Bank Runs (what happened to the banks?)

when people tried to withdraw their funds in fear of the bank collapsing. It wiped out shareholders, bondholders, and depositors, and hurt the economy overall.

What did Hoover do to help the situation? (8)

• Increased government spending

• Expanded federal farm board

• Increased tariffs

• Reconstruction finance corporation: lend money to banks

• Home loan bank for construction

• Loans to state governments to help the unemployed

• Public Works Administration

• Refuses to recognize the Japanese conquest of China

Hoovervilles

a shantytown of makeshift shelters built by unemployed and destitute people during the Depression

Bonus Expeditionary Force

Veterans seeking immediate payment for wartime services to alleviate the economic hardship of the Great Depression

New Deal

3 R’s; RELIEF for the poor, RECOVERY for the economy, and REFORM banking and stock market

Franklin D. Roosevelt

popular with the people (especially farmers), wanted to expand electricity and repeat prohibition

Dust Bowl

in the midwest, land had been overused (tilling) and overgrazed, became dry + there were droughts, exodusters (people who left) ended up homeless and without jobs

SEC

Securities & Exchange Commission, regulates securities markets and protects investors

TVA

The Tennessee Valley Authority, signed by FDR, brought electricity to the rural areas of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Kentucky, Georgia, North Carolina, and Virginia. It built dams and improved overall civil construction

WPA

The Works Progress Administration, made through the Second New Deal, was a government group that created jobs to bring the economy out of the depression. The jobs included various construction positions and other civil works-based tasks

Bank Holiday

FDR shut down all banks for business for a week in 1933 so that they could recover themselves and they could be classified as able to reopen or not and gave government assistance to those that could. This action was done via the Emergency Banking Act. Before the reopening, FDR convinced the public that it was safe and smart to deposit their money.

FDIC (still exists today)

Known as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation this was the government organization that was established via the Banking Act of 1933, and it insured people’s deposited money up to a certain amount so that there would less likely be a scare that would cause a depression.

Social Security Act

An act to provide for the general welfare by establishing a system of Federal old-age benefits, and by enabling the several States to make more adequate provision for people with disabilities and unemployment.

Huey Long

Louisiana senator who had socialist ideals and wanted to “share the wealth”, racist and anti semitic by end of career

Court-packing plan

Roosevelts proposition of reorganizing the federal judiciary by adding a new justice each time a justice reached 70 and failed to retired, not approved because could stack either political party

Scottsboro Boys

9 black boys were accused of raping 2 women while on a train to Memphis,  but the women were just prostitutes. 8 of the boys were sentenced to death. But their case was overturned in Powell v. Alabama because the boys weren’t provided with adequate defense, and Norris v. Alabama where the state decided that the all-white jury denied them equal protection under the law.

Radio (How was it used by FDR and the men against the New Deal?)

The Radio was used by FDR to give his fire-side chats. In these chats. People against the New Deal (Radio Priest) would use the radio to talk crap about the New Deal and say it was communist and whatnot.

Fireside Chats

FDR over radio, talks about what he was doing and why he was doing it. They would make people feel calm and trust him. response to people like Townsend, Coughlin, and Long

Stalin (Great Purge & Five Year Plan)

1. He killed a lot of his political enemies and expanded the power of his secret police which encouraged people to spy on each other, completely anti-capitalist

2. In the 5 yr plan, he transformed Russia into an industrialized society. The gov took control of the economy and farms. This led to 20 million starving.

3. In the great purge, Stalin got rid of anyone that he thought was a threat (anyone with ties to the Bolsheviks or Lenin). He killed 750k and sent millions to the Gulag.

Anti-Semitism

Hatred towards Jewish people used to justify the Holocaust. People blamed Jews for Germany’s loss in WWI.

Hitler (Third Reich)

“Fuhrer”; anti-Semitic; Aryan race>> Holocaust, leader of Nazi Germany

Aryan Race

Hitler's perf race of white, blonde hair, blue eyes, no Catholics, and no Jewish

Fascism

A far-right, radical, and authoritarian government, dictatorship, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, and belief in a natural social hierarchy. Practiced in Italy under Mussolini.

Mussolini (where did he invade)

Italian dictator, fascism, worked with Germany temporarily then Allies, bro legit invaded Ethiopia to create a New Roman Empire, and wanted to restore the glory of Rome. (Holy Roman Empire dick rider fr fr)

Tojo

Invaded Korea, China, and Manchuria. He built up the military. Responsible for 731, the inhumane medical experiments where POWs were test subjects for poisonous gasses. Tojo was tried for war crimes.

Where did Japan invade?

Korea, (Nanking) China, Manchuria

Unit 731

Secret medical experiments to help Japanese soldiers. POWs were test subjects for poisonous gas. Most victims were Russian, Chinese, Mongolian, and Koreans.

Euro Map