William Penn
Quaker leader who established Pennsylvania and its capital, Philadelphia. He dealt with Native Americans fairly and didn’t allow colonists to settle their land. Also, he allowed people of different religions to live together in peace.
Tobacco and cotton
The two major cash crops of the Southern colony.
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William Penn
Quaker leader who established Pennsylvania and its capital, Philadelphia. He dealt with Native Americans fairly and didn’t allow colonists to settle their land. Also, he allowed people of different religions to live together in peace.
Tobacco and cotton
The two major cash crops of the Southern colony.
German
Credited with starting the tradition of decorating Christmas trees and Santa Claus
Middle Passage
It was the route that slave ships took from Africa to the Americas. About 10% of slaves making the trip did not survive.
Third Amendment
You cannot be made to house soldiers.
Fourth Amendment
You cannot be searched without a warrant and no probable cause needed.
Lexington and Concord
The first battle of the American Revolution
Militia
Citizens that were soldiers
Thomas Jefferson
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
John Jay
First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
Cabinet
Group of advisors to the Justice
Department of State, Treasury, War, and Attorney General
What were the first four cabinets to be created?
Tariffs
Another name for taxes
Judicial Review
Supreme Court could review the acts of Congress and President.
Article III
Article that established the judicial branch.
Louisiana Purchase
US obtained territory from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains. Purchases from France for $15 million.
Eli Whitney
Invented interchangeable parts
Samuel Morse
Invented the telegraph
John Deere
Invented the steel plow
Missouri Compromise
Free and slave states had to be an equal number. Missouri wanted to be a state, neither North or South wanted to upset the balance in Congress, Missouri enters as a slave state, Maine as a free state. Then future states above 36N would enter free and below would be slave.
Tenth Amendment
Amendment that protects states rights and education
Dred Scott
The Supreme Court rules slaves have no rights and are essentially property.
Fifth Amendment
Amendment that states that the government cannot take away a citizens property without due process
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
What book put a human face on slavery?
Border States
Slave states that did not leave the Union. Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware
South Carolina
What state seceded first?
Jefferson Davis
Who was the president of the Confederacy?
West Virginia
What state broke away from another state to become a border state and stay a part of the Union.
Fort Sumter
What was the first battle of the Civil War?
Emancipation Proclamation
Why were slaves not freed in the North or the Border states? Slaves were property and protected by the Constitution and the Constitution didn’t matter to the South anymore. What freed slaves in the South?
Clara Barton
Angel of the Battlefield. She tended to the wounded on the battlefield and founded the Red Cross.
Conscription
Forced military service.
Habeas Corpus
Protects citizens from being thrown in jail without a charge.
Japanese Americans
What was another time civil liberties were taken away?
Thirteenth Amendment
Amendment that freed African American slaves
Fourteenth Amendment
Amendment that granted citizenship to any persons born or naturalized in the U.S.
Fifteenth Amendment
Amendment that guaranteed blacks the right to vote
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Passed over Johnson’s veto with a 2/3 vote. This was the first time it ever happened.
Disenfranchised
To lose the right to vote
Election of 1876
The first disputed election. It was between Rutherford Hayes and Samuel Tilden. Tilden won the popular vote but republicans asked for a recount and Hayes won by one electoral vote. Democrats agreed to accept the election result if federal troops were taken out of the South.
Poll tax
When you have to pay to vote
24th Amendment
Amendment that prohibits poll taxes
Segregation
Legal separation of people based on race, gender, etc
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court case that upheld segregation. State had to have “separate but equal” facilities.
Laissez-faire
The government does not interfere in private business
Patent
Grant by the government that gives the inventor exclusive rights
C. Latham Sholes
Who invented the typewriter?
Graham Bell
Who invented the telephone?
Thomas Edison
Who invented the light bulb?
Edison’s quote
“Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration”
Thaddeus Lowe
Who invented refrigeration and the ice machine?
Gustavus Swift
Who invented the refrigerated rail car?
Horizontal Integration
Joining together of businesses that are engaged in similar business activities or processes
Vertical Integration
Joining together of businesses that are necessary for production
Monopoly
Exclusive control of a product or service by a single company.
Blacklist
List of “troublemakers” or people who joined unions
Lockout
Workers not allowed to work with no pay
Scabs
Replacement workers
Strike
Workers stop working
Proletariat
Marxism - working class
Bourgeoisie
Marxism - business/land owner
Arbitration
An impartial third party helps management and workers reach an agreement
Women’s Trade Union League
What was the first union for women?
Ellis Island
The processing center for immigrants on the East Coast
Angel Island
The processing center for immigrants on the West Coast
Philanthropy
Those who are rich give back to society through various methods
YMCA
A place that offered bible studies and group activities but now boasts libraries, gyms, and pools