Studied by 2 people
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy is neither created nor destroyed, just transformed
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy is always increasing in a closed system
Entropy Increasing
Negative Delta G, spontaneous, energy-releasing reactions, catabolic reaction, exergonic reaction, hydrolysis
Catabolic Reaction
“Breaking Down” Reaction
Anabolic Reaction
“Building Up” Reaction
Entropy Decreasing
Positive Delta G, non-spontaneous, energy-storing reactions, anabolic reaction, endergonic reaction
Substrate
Reactant an enzyme acts on, attaches with H-bonds
Active Site
Region on enzyme where substrate binds by induced fit (___ of enzyme conforms itself to substrate)
Cofactors
Small, inorganic, ions, minerals (ex. Ca+2)
Coenzymes
Large, organic, vitamins (ex. NAD+)
Competitive Inhibition
Inhibitor molecule competes with substrate for same active site on enzyme
Inhibitor mimics substrate and blocks active site
Molecule with higher concentration “wins” active site
Noncompetitive Inhibition
Inhibitor molecule binds to allosteric effector site
When molecule binds to effector site, active site is deformed; changes function
Negative Feedback/Feedback Inhibition
Initial substrate produces product which binds to initial substrate’s effector site; block initial reaction from occurring
