Egypt: the new kingdom

lecture 5

What is the Valley of kings?

the area were all the kings/pharaohs of the new kingdom were buried.

what is significant about the valley of kings

all the kings/pharaohs were buried there. there are a ton of underground tunnels that are highly sophisticated and extensive,yet none of them intersect. They are also all highly decorated.

what is this?

valley of kings

What is the mortuary temple of mentuhotep?

a tomb in the cliffs of the valley of kings for Mentuhotep.

where is the mortuary temple of mentuhotep?

deir el-bahri (the valley of kings)

when was the mortuary temple of Mentuhotep?

2050 BCE

what is significant about the mortuary temple of mentuhotep

he was one of the first great pharaohs of the new kingodm, he kicked the syrians out. his tomb was essentially a mastaba with a tiered trabeated system. It was built into the cliffs with a “ramp from the nile” and a spur wall to the side

what is this?

the mortuary temple of Mentuhotep

what is this?

Mortuary temple of mentuhotep

what is this

mortuary temple of mentuhotep

what is the mortuary temple of Hatshepsut?

a tomb in the valley of kings (among the cliffs) for hatshepsut

who was the architect of the mortuary temple of Hatshepsut

Senmut

Where was the mortuary temple of hatshepsut?

Deir el-bahri (valley of kings)

when was the mortuary temple of hatshepsut

1500 BCE

what was significant about the temple of Hatshepsut?

Hatshepsut was a female pharaoh. her husband died and her son in law was not of age, so she became regent. It was rumored that senmut was her lover. Her temple was 3 levels and each had a colonnaded and trabeated structure. the 2nd level had two temples and the 3rd level had a third temple. Interior wise it was more volumetrically designed, but the path tapers in the further you go, focusing the mind and controlling movement.

what is this?

mortuary temple of Hatshepsut

what is this?

the mortuary temple of hatshepsut

what is the tomb of king Tutankhamen

a burial chamber in the valley of kings

where is the tomb of king tutankhamen

in the valley of kings

when was the tomb of king tutankhamen

1350 BCE

what is significant about the tomb of tutankhamen?

A lot of the tombs in the valley were well hidden so it took a long to find any of them but in 1922 Howard carter found this one. The discovery of this tomb and its contents is how we know everything about egyptian furniture. Altogether though, the tomb is rushed and small because he died at 19 and didnt do anything.

what is this?

tomb of king tutankhamen

what is this?

the tomb of king tutankhamen

What is the temple of Amon?

a temple complex to celebrate the pharaohs (because some pharaohs were reincarnated deities)

where is the temple of amon?

Karnak (a site in theebs)

when is the temple of Amon?

1525BCE-1350BCE

what is significant about the temple of Amon?

very intentional design on approach you get there you get off the nile and walk on the east/west axis. you enter through a pylon and then through a path lined with sphinx with ram heads. This funnels you in. Then once you enter the hypostyle hall you are met with 134 massive columns. Ther are each carved with hieroglyphs and capped with buds on the capitols. they are so massive that there are no diagonal views. Once you reach the center of this hall the columns are actually taller and the capitols are spread (bloomed) because there is a clerestory that allows light to hit these specific columns. to construct this they actually filled the hall with sand and placed the columns, and then carved as they removed the sand. also part of a larger complex which leads to the temple of Mut

what is this?

the temple of Amon (a graphic recreation of the hypostyle hall)

what is this

temple of AMon

What is the temple of ramses II

a temple honoring one of the pharaohs

where is the temple of Ramses II

Abu Simbel

when was the temple of ramses II

1250 BCE

what was significant about the temple of Ramses II

the entry is a pylon actually carved into the side of the cliff. In front of the pylon are bas relief statues of Ramses. the inside of the temple is on one singular axis with more massive statues of Ramses holding up the roof. upon walking though the temple, in the back during the summer, the son occasionally reaches and shines in. this temple is also dedicated to amun.

what is this?

temple of Ramses II

what is this?

temple of ramses II

what is this

temple of ramses II

what is KV 5

a mortuary temple in the valley of kings.

where is KV5

the valley of kings

when is KV5

1250 BCE

what is significant about KV5

is was a mortuary temple dedicated by Ramses II to his sons. it has two hypostyle halls and mirrored chambers. It was also the largest and most intricate tomb in the valley of kings.

what is this?

KV5

Who are Akhenaten and Nefertiti

The parents of king tut.

Who is Howard carter?

the person who found King tutankhamens tomb in 1922

what is a hypostyle hall?

a hall where the roof is supported by collumns

what is a peristyle court

an open courtyard surrounded by columns and walkways

what is an axis?

an imaginary line about which the body rotates

what is an obelisk?

a tall four sided pillar that is pointed (like a pyramid) on top

what is a pylon?

a wide entrance gateway for a temple. It is made of mudbrick and shaped like a trapezoid. it also signifies the horizon.

what is a bas relief?

a carving of an image that protrudes out of a flat surface. (think braille)

what is a cavetto cornice?

projected molding hollowed in the shape of a quarter circle (concaved)