Lecture on Inheritance and Chi-Square Analysis

These flashcards cover key concepts related to sex-linked inheritance, Mendel's laws, and chi-square analysis for genetics.

X-inactivation

A process in female mammals where one of the two X chromosomes is randomly inactivated to prevent overexpression of X-linked genes.

Sex-linked traits

Traits that are associated with genes located on sex chromosomes, often affecting males and females differently.

Law of Independent Assortment

Mendel's second law stating that genes for different traits assort independently of one another in gamete formation.

Chi-square goodness of fit test

A statistical test used to determine if the observed data fits the expected distribution.

Degrees of freedom

The number of independent values or quantities which can be assigned to a statistical distribution; calculated as N - 1 for N categories.

Null hypothesis

A general statement that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena; typically tested against alternative hypotheses.

Tortoiseshell phenotype

The distinct coat color pattern in cats caused by the expression of both black and orange fur alleles due to X-inactivation.

Multiplication rule

A method used in genetics to determine the probability of two independent events occurring simultaneously.

Phenotype ratio

The ratio of different observable traits in the offspring resulting from a genetic cross.

Observed vs Expected data

The actual results obtained from an experiment compared to the results that were predicted based on a theoretical model.