week 3 acquisitions

• In general, be familiar with the 4 stages of sleep.

o Stage 1: NREM (1-7 min) – Light sleep

o Stage 2: NREM (10-25 min) – Light sleep

o Stage 3: NREM (20-40 min) – Deep Sleep

o Stage 4: REM Sleep (10-60 min) – Vivid dreaming

• What are negative outcomes of sleep deprivation?

o Sleep deprivation: The experience of insufficient sleep that persists over time and leads to chronic daytime drowsiness and fatigue, poor concentration and memory, poor school and work performance, and interpersonal relationship problems

• What populations may struggle with sleep?

o

Older adults

o Individuals with ASD

o Individuals with mental health disorders

o Individuals with chronic pain

o Night shift workers

o New parents

o Students

o Everyone can struggle with sleep!

• Why is important as an OTS to learn about sleep?

o Your own personal well-being

o It is into a primary consideration in OT practice but we acknowledge the negative health consequences

 Occupational profile

 Evaluation

 Treatment planning

o Being able to confidently address sleep in fieldwork and future practice

• What is one sleep assessment we reviewed and performed in class?

o Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI): Measures sleep quality

 It is a free assessment and available online

• Why are environment of sleep objects Important to consider as an OT?

o This study can help inform practice for evaluation or treatment of sleep disorders

o Parallels the PEO approach and how the environment plays an important role in sleep

o The goals of the study was to understand how participants describe and experience objects in their sleep environment

o Instead of focusing on the sleep hygiene (change of behavior) focus on the context of environment

• What were 3 categories identified? (Adrian et al., 2021)

o Technology:

o Safety

o Sensory Experiences

o Sleep hygiene

bedtime behaviors that facilitate healthy sleep and avoiding behaviors that are known to interfere to sleep

 Avoiding caffeine or alcohol before bed

o Studies have shown positive sleep hygiene, including preparatory sleep habits, promote healthy sleep (Adrian et al., 2021

• What are other interventions to improve sleep? (remember these need to be client centered and need to do what’s best for your client)

o Environmental Adaptations to Promote Rest and Sleep

o Adjusting lighting for day and night

o Bed positioning and turning schedules

o Sufficient blankets for warmth

o Clothing that is comfortable to sleep in

o White noise machines for volume control

o Soothing scents

o Routines!

 Promote activity in day

 Soothing nighttime routines

 Toileting routines and safety

 Self management of sleep: avoiding caffeine use in evenings, limiting alcohol intake, etc. (AOTA, 2017)

• What is the ADA and why was it passed?

o "The ADA Standards for Accessible Desing- along with Title II and Title III regulations- say what is required for a building or facility to be physically accessible to people with disabilities."

o The ADA is: Readily achievable: to do without much difficulty or expense. The ADA has a balance between increasing access for people with disabilities and understanding the financial challenges of many small business

o Purpose of the ADA:

To reduce discrimination against individuals with disabilities and promote their inclusion into mainstream society

 The ADA prohibits discrimination against people who have physical or mental impairments that substantially limit "major life activities."

o Definition of Disability per ADA:

An impairment that is episodic or in remission is a disability if it would substantially limit a major life activity when active.

o   A Place of Public Accommodation (PPAs)

 Places of lodging: hotels/motels

 Establishments serving food or drink: restaurants/bars

 Places of exhibition or entertainment: movie theaters/stadiums

 Places of public gathers: Convention center

 Sales or rental establishments: Bakeries of shopping malls

 Service establishments: Laundromat, funeral homes, MD offices

 Public transportation terminals: train stations

• Title III: Public Accommodations: (Don’t need to know too much detail about this, understand its general purpose)

o Sets the minimum standards for accessibility for alterations and new construction of facilities

o Requires public accommodations to remove barriers in existing buildings where it is easy to do so without much difficulty or expense

o Directs businesses to make "reasonable modifications" to their usual ways of doing things when serving people with disabilities

o Requires that businesses take steps necessary to communicate effectively with customers with vision, hearing, and speech disabilities

o Not just a building code: also, attitudinal barriers and policies based on misperceptions and fears about individuals with disabilities

o This title is regulated and enforced by the U.S. Department of Justice

o Is the accommodation reasonable? (Important takeaway point)

 How much does the accommodation cost in relationship to the size and budget of the business?

 Are there tax credits or deductions or outside funding which would pay for the accommodation?

 Does the accommodation interfere with the operation of the business or the ability of employees to perform their duties?