Psychological Assessment

Which of the following assumptions about validity should not be made?

Select one:

a. If a test has been shown valid for one purpose it can be assumed that it is valid for other purposes.

b. If a test has been shown valid for one ethnic group it can be assumed that it is valid for other ethnic groups.

c. It is a dichotomous variable

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

A correlation coefficient of 1.36 would be

Select one:

a. impossible.

b. a sign that the two variables are positively related.

c. a sign that the two variables are negatively related.

d. a sign that the two variables are not related.

a. impossible.

Which of the following correctly describes internal consistency?

Select one:

a. All aspects of a test contribute in a meaningful way to the data obtained.

b. Similar results would be obtained if the person was retested at some point after the initial test.

c. Similar results would be obtained if the test was conducted and/or scored by another evaluator.

d. None of the above

a. All aspects of a test contribute in a meaningful way to the data obtained.

Which of the following coefficients of correlation indicates the STRONGEST relationship between two sets of variables?

Select one:

a. -0.98

b. 0.90

c. 0.00

d. 1.20

a. -0.98

What does false positive refer to?

Select one:

a. The psychologist diagnoses a child with ADHD, but the child does not have the disorder.

b. The prediction that a suicide attempt would not occur was accurate.

c. The diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder was warranted.

d. The psychologist fails to diagnose someone with a personality disorder.

a. The psychologist diagnoses a child with ADHD, but the child does not have the disorder.

______ is a statistical procedure that is computationally intense and is specifically designed to find patterns in large amounts of data. It was almost impossible to utilize until the invention of the computer.

Select one:

a. Median

b. t-test

c. Mode

d. Factor Analysis

d. Factor Analysis

If applied to traits, the statistical characteristic of the normal distribution of regression toward the mean suggests: if a trait is caused by many factors, the extremes of that trait are not as likely to be reproduced in the next generation.

Select one:

True

False

True

One large source of data that Cattell was able to utilize was:

Select one:

a. College freshman

b. Army recruits

c. College athletes

d. Air Force recruits

d. Air Force recruits

The Five Factor Model of Personality is based on science.

Select one:

True

False

True

The extremes of any of the traits can be pathological.

Select one:

True

False

True

Which of the following IS NOT represented by OCEAN?

Select one:

a. Openness

b. Neuroticism

c. Conscientiousness

d. Outrageous

d. Outrageous

Which of the following IS NOT a common factor in the five factor model?

Select one:

a. Agreeableness vs. Disagreeableness

b. Introversion vs. Extraversion

c. Depressed vs. Elated

d. Neuroticism vs. Stability

c. Depressed vs. Elated

This early American Psychologist believed in tough vs. tender mindedness as a type within personality. However, he did not believe that he could study personality types scientifically.

Select one:

a. Alfred Binet

b. Wilhelm Wundt

c. William James

d. Sigmund Freud

c. William James

According to the substantial evidence with correlations between genetics and personality traits, _____ percent of personality traits are due to _____ factors.

Select one:

a. 50; environmental

b. 25; genetic

c. 75; environmental

d. 50; genetic

d. 50; genetic

A good anachronym for a five factor model is:

Select one:

a. FRUIT

b. FFM16

c. EDOCN

d. OCEAN

d. OCEAN

The NEO PI may be easy to manipulate because of the lack of strong validity scales.

True

The "R" in the NEO PI-R stands for "revised".

True

Extreme scores on the NEO PI are only important if they are on the high end of the scale.

False

The NEO focuses on pathology.

False

The NEO PI was originally developed to be used only with:

a. adolescent girls

b. elderly men

c. children

d. mentally ill persons

e. a normal population

a normal population

Psychologists should be especially aware of the transparency and ease of manipulation with the NEO PI in the following situations:

personnel selection - possibly wrong, idk

In a clinical setting, the NEO should not be used as a stand-alone measure (i.e. It should not be the only assessment used).

True

The NEO can help identify personality pathology.

True

Of the following, which is the BEST inventory to be used with normal populations:

a. MMPI 2

b. MMPI 2 RF

c. MCMI IV

d. Rorschach

e. NEO

NEO

The NEO PI has which of the following strong validity scales:

Fake good

Fake bad

Lie Scales

Random Response

None of these

e. None of these

The NEO PI-R and the NEO-PI-3 have _____ alternate forms.

two

Which of the following can be appropriately used with a 15 year old?

NEO-PI-3

If more than ____ items are not answered on the protocol of the NEO PI, it should not be scored and interpreted.

40

It is not possible to administer the NEO PI to a group.

False

All of the NEO PI scales are considered to approximate a _____ distribution.

normal

One legitimate criticism of the standardization (normative) sample of the NEO PI is:

a. too many males

b. too many females

c. too highly educated

d. too poorly educated

e. too young

too highly educated

The NEO PI consists of a _____ scale.

b. five point Likert

The NEO PI-R was listed among the most successful inventories at identifying the specific factors of the Five Factor Model.

True

Evidence for the validity of the NEO PI has been established by:

All of these

Both the NEO PI-R and the NEO-PI-3 are currently available for use. One version did not replace the other version.

True

The APA Ethical code requires psychologists to be self-aware and to ensure that they do not offer psychological services when their functioning is impaired because of research that shows that:

a. the more negative life events psychologists experience, the more impairment in professional roles they report.

b. self-awareness leads to better self-focus and therefore greater success

c. impaired functioning often results in increased fatigue and a decreased immune system

d. psychologists are experts at being able to "leave their problems at the door"

a. the more negative life events psychologists experience, the more impairment in professional roles they report.

The primary goal which all assessments share is to:

a. investigate cognitive processing abilities

b. evaluate physiological aspects of stress

c. analyze behavioral intervention treatment success

d. examine the current level of psychosocial functioning

d. examine the current level of psychosocial functioning

What type of validity ensures that the test provides a relatively pure measure of the construct that is minimally contaminated by other psychological constructs?

a. Content validity

b. Concurrent validity

c. Discriminate validity

d. Incremental validity

c. Discriminate validity

What standards does a psychological test have to demonstrate?

a. Must be comprehensive in every way possible

b. Reliable

c. Must require long term training to administer

d. All of the above

b. Reliable

Which of the following reduces variability in psychological testing situations?

a. Detailed instruction regarding stimuli

b. Time limits

c. Verbal probes permissible to the client's questions

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What is one type of technical skill required to conduct a psychological assessment?

a. Effective use of the assessment methods

b. Responsive communication of findings and recommendation

c. Case conceptualization

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about psychological testing on the internet?

a. On-line testing is a great substitute for assessment.

b. Many tests in questionnaire format can be adapted for on-line administration.

c. On-line completion of tests allows for accurate scoring and rapid feedback

d. All of the above

a. On-line testing is a great substitute for assessment.

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of psychological assessment?

a. Evaluating cognitive abilities

b. Determining the extent of emotional impairment

c. Using tone of voice to determine mental disorder

d. Evaluating level of functioning based on the report of patient or other informants

c. Using tone of voice to determine mental disorder

It is important when conducting a clinical assessment to be aware of which of the following?

a. Religious Beliefs

b. Cognitive level of the client

c. Ethnicity

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The following statistical technique(s) can do more than look for patterns; it can test theories:

a. traditional factor analysis

b. structural equation modeling

c. confirmatory factor analysis

d. both B and C

d. both B and C

Cattell supported a _____ factor model using a _____ analysis.

a. 3; orthogonal

b. 16; oblique

c. 5; oblique

d. 16; orthogonal

b. 16; oblique

According to Cattell, _____ represented laboratory and physiological results.

a. L data

b. Q data

c. R data

d. T data

d. T data

There is only one model of personality utilizing five factor approach?

True

false

a. True

Eysenck supported a ________ factor model using ________ analysis.

3; orthogonal

16; oblique

5; oblique

32; orthogonal

3; orthogonal

At least 8000 studies and counting have investigated different profile patterns (2 and 3 point codes) and have found good evidence for _____.

a. construct validity

b. test-retest reliability

c. face validity

d. split half reliability

a. construct validity

According to an "outdated category", the following MMPI Scales were considered the neurotic triad:

a. 1, 2, and 3

b. 4, 6, and 10

c. 1, 2, and 5

d. 3, 4, and 7

a. 1, 2, and 3

One of the problems in substantiating reliability on the MMPI-2 occurs because of the extensive item overlap.

True

False

True

The MMPI was originally developed in:

a. 1910

b. 1940

c. 1980

d. 2000

b. 1940

A major restandardization of the MMPI began in:

a. 1950

b. 1967

c. 1982

d. 2002

c. 1982

Each item on the MMPI-2 only corresponds to one scale; there is no overlap of items and scales.

True

False

False

All of the following are parts of the philosophical orientation behind the NEO PI EXCEPT:

a. Agreeableness

b. Conscientiousness

c. Extraversion

d. Neuroticism

e. Psychoticism

e. Psychoticism

Pairs of domains are very useful when interpreting differing personality styles via the NEO PI.

True

False

True

The NEO scores are based on a mean of _____ and a standard deviation of _____.

a. 5; 10

b. 10; 100

c. 50; 10

d. 10; 50

e. 100; 15

c. 50; 10

The NEO PI results consist of _____ personality dimensions and _____ facet scales.

Select one:

a. 5; 30

b. 3; 30

c. 3; 5

d. 5; 15

e. 5; 3

a. 5; 30

Some of the IQ subtests can be utilized in a neuropsychological battery.

True

The Stop Signal Test and the Matching Familiar Figures Test are neuropsychological tests measuring:

Select one:

a. inhibitory control

b. intelligence

c. planning

d. working memory

a. inhibitory control

There have been many tests for executive functions for the past 50 years.

False

On the MMPI-2-RF, it is acceptable to interpret low scores when evaluating law enforcement candidates for hire.

True

According to a 2007 study regarding the MMPI, the best predictors of negative outcomes with law enforcement candidates/officers are:

Select one:

a. RC3, RC6, RC8

b. RC1, RC2, RC3

c. FB, RC 3, RC4

d. PD, RC1, FB

a. RC3, RC6, RC8

According to the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., the researchers suggest _____ as a good starting point for finding assessment measures.

Select one:

a. APA PsychTESTS

b. Tests for DSM 5

c. Daubert Resources

d. Legal Tests

a. APA PsychTESTS

According to the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., the researchers found that only _____ of the assessment tools were generally accepted in the field.

Select one:

a. 67 %

b. 40 %

c. 15 %

d. 100 %

a. 67 %

According to the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., the researchers found that _____ of the assessment tools had favorable reviews regarding their psychometric and technical properties.

Select one:

a. 40 %

b. 90 %

c. 67 %

d. 15 %

a. 40 %

According to the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., the researchers focused on _____.

Select one:

a. clinical assessments

b. developmental disability assessments

c. workplace credentialing

d. educational testing

a. clinical assessments

According to the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., the researchers want their findings to help the public _____.

Select one:

a. be skeptical

b. ask questions

c. take advantage of the adversarial process

d. All of these answers are correct.

d. All of these answers are correct.

According to the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., the researchers want their findings to help mental health practitioners to be more discerning when they choose assessment tools.

Select one:

True

False

True

According to the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., the researchers clearly stated that the evidence available in the primary, peer-reviewed literature should be the ultimate arbiter of the scientific worth of assessment tools.

Select one:

True

False

True

According to the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., _____ of the assessment tools used by psychologists and offered as expert evidence had been subjected to empirical testing.

Select one:

a. 90 %

b. 25 %

c. 50%

d. 100%

a. 90 %

According to the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., the researchers found that many psychological assessment tools used in legal contexts as scientific evidence have _____.

Select one:

a. strong scientific foundations

b. poor or unknown scientific foundations

c. good qualitative foundations

d. poor qualitative foundations

b. poor or unknown scientific foundations

According to the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., the MMY is not regularly updated.

Select one:

True

False

False

According to the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., one study by Neal and Grisso found that an average of _____ different psychological assessment methods were used in a given forensic evaluation.

Select one:

a. four

b. one

c. three

d. ten

a. four

According to the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., experts in psychological assessments should rely on _____ to determine if a tool is scientifically strong enough for use in a given case.

Select one:

a. MMY and assessment tool manual

b. assessment tool manual and primary literature

c. MMY and primary literature

d. DSM 5 and Westlaw

b. assessment tool manual and primary literature

Mentioned in the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., _____ is a major legal database that includes judicial opinions and orders from all states and federal courts.

Select one:

a. Westlaw

b. Eastlaw

c. MMY

d. Google

a. Westlaw

According to Table 3 in the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., _____ was found to be cited in the highest number of cases in their study.

Select one:

a. multiple versions of the MMPI

b. multiple versions of the HCR

c. multiple versions of the PAI

d. multiple versions of the Static 99

a. multiple versions of the MMPI

According to the article on Psychological Assessments in Legal Contexts by Neal et. al., the _____ is generally accepted and generally has favorable reviews.

Select one:

a. MMPI only

b. MMPI and PCL-R

c. WAIS and Rorschach

d. TAT and MCMI

b. MMPI and PCL-R

According to the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et. al., the Supreme Court made it clear that Daubert calls for a flexible approach.

Select one:

True

False

True

According to the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et al., another article by Neal et al., found that _____ of the 364 psychological assessment tools that were reportedly used in legal contexts had favorable psychometric and technical properties.

Select one:

a. 100%

b. 90%

c. 67%

d. 40%

d. 40%

According to the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et. al., another article by Gatowski et al., found that _____ of judges recognized the value of testing.

Select one:

a. 88%

b. 62%

c. 55%

d. 93%

a. 88%

According to the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et al., in 2019, Neal et al. provided a report about a systematic review of 364 psychological assessment tools that were used in legal contexts.

Select one:

True

False

True

According to the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et al., the purpose of admissibility standards is to:

Select one:

a. create a way for people with doctorates to make a lot of money.

b. prevent the introduction of "junk science" in court proceedings.

c. increase the expense of a court trial.

d. make it easier for a fact witness to become an expert witness.

Clear my choice

b. prevent the introduction of "junk science" in court proceedings.

According to the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et al., _____ is the expert admissibility standard in all federal courts.

Select one:

a. Daubert

b. Frye

c. Brown

d. Slobogin

a. Daubert

According to the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et al., seventy years after the _____ case, the Daubert case made a significant impact on expert witness testimony.

Select one:

a. Frye

b. Dow Pharmaceuticals

c. Brown

d. Slobogin

a. Frye

In consideration of the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et al., the burden of improving psychological science and assessments as they are used in legal contexts is dependent on

Select one:

a. judges

b. lawyers

c. psychologists

d. all of these answers are correct

e. only psychologists and attorneys are correct

c. psychologists

?

According to the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et al., psychologists should use assessment tools that are:

Select one:

a. relevant to the referral question

b. within their expertise based on education, training, and experience

c. likely to satisfy the admissibility standard in their jurisdiction

d. all of these answers are correct

e. none of these answers are correct

Clear my choice

d. all of these answers are correct

According to the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et al., another article by Gatowski et al., found that _____ of judges understood the concept of falsifiability in testing.

Select one:

a. 4%

b. 6%

c. 71%

d. 88%

b. 6%

According to the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et al., expert witnesses cannot rely on inadmissible evidence when reaching their opinions.

Select one:

True

False

False

According to the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et al., another article by Gatowski et al., found that _____ of judges understood the concept of error rate.

Select one:

a. 4%

b. 6%

c. 71%

d. 91%

a. 4%

According to the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et. al., Daubert creates a gatekeeping role that is suppose to be fulfilled by _____.

Select one:

a. judges

b. juries

c. expert witnesses

d. defendants

judges

According to the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et al., only one court case is important for creating the guidelines for expert witnesses.

Select one:

True

False

False

In consideration of the article Expert Evidence: The (Unfulfilled) Promise of Daubert by DeMatteo, et al., _____ provides less room for evaluator bias and is good for forensic and assessment psychology.

Select one:

a. quantitative data

b. qualitative data

c. untested assessment tools

d. all of these answers reduce bias

a. quantitative data

According to the APA Guidelines for Psychological Assessment and Evaluation (2020), assessment is most comprehensive and accurate when multiple data points are used to arrive at a determination (e.g., diagnosis, recommendation, disposition).

True

According to the APA Guidelines for Psychological Assessment and Evaluation (2020), assessment results may be used in which of these high stakes decisions?

Select one:

a. custody

b. employment

c. disability compensation

d. all of these are correct.

d. all of these are correct.

According to the APA Guidelines for Psychological Assessment and Evaluation (2020), fidelity to the purpose and use of a given instrument are often critical to the validity of a test instrument as well as the accuracy of the assessment results.

True

According to the APA Guidelines for Psychological Assessment and Evaluation (2020), psychologists are encouraged to become aware of the meaning of scores that underlie their interpretation and strive to describe findings in a report in a suitably interpretable manner.

True

According to the APA Guidelines for Psychological Assessment and Evaluation (2020), the guidelines do not apply to employers who use assessments for employee decisions.

False

After completing this course, PSYC 5018 Psychological Assessment, the students will be qualified to give psychological assessments without supervision by a licensed psychologist.

False