Psychological Statistics Review: Probability and Hypothesis Testing

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to probability, sample means, and hypothesis testing in psychological statistics.

Probability

The measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.

Distribution of Sample Means

A collection of sample means for all possible random samples of a particular size from a population.

Hypothesis Testing

A statistical method used to determine whether there's enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis.

Null Hypothesis (H0)

States that the treatment has no effect on the population mean.

Alternative Hypothesis (H1)

States that the treatment does have an effect on the population mean.

Alpha Level

The threshold for statistical significance; defines the probability of making a Type I error.

Central Limit Theorem

States that the distribution of the sample means will form a normal distribution, given a large enough sample size.

Z-score

A statistic that indicates how many standard deviations an element is from the mean.

Standard Error of the Mean (SEM)

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean.

Critical Region

The area in the tail of the distribution which corresponds to extreme scores under the null hypothesis.