Key Concepts in Early Civilizations and Historical Developments

These flashcards cover essential terms and concepts related to early civilizations and significant historical developments, providing a comprehensive review for exam preparation.

Importance of Rivers

Provided fertile soil, water for irrigation, and transportation routes to early civilizations.

Code of Hammurabi

One of the earliest written legal codes that established laws and punishments shaping governance and justice systems.

Geographical Influence on Civilization

Early civilizations developed in locations like China, Egypt, and Mesopotamia due to their fertile lands and access to water.

Neolithic Farming Impact

The development of farming led to the establishment of permanent settlements.

Ancient Athenian Government

Ancient Athenians are credited with establishing governments that incorporated democratic elements.

Influence of Mountainous Terrain

The mountainous terrain of Greece most directly influenced the development of Greek city-states.

Political System of the Roman Empire

Characterized by a strong centralized government.

Constantinople's Significance

Became the center of the Byzantine Empire due to its location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia.

Common Beliefs of Judaism, Islam, and Christianity

Share a belief in an ethical code of conduct and monotheism.

Lords and Vassals in Feudal System

Lords granted land to vassals in return for military service and loyalty.

Wealth in West African Empires

Based on trading in salt and gold.

Impact of Confucianism in China

Provided a basis for social order.

Power of the Church During Middle Ages

The Church had almost total power and control during the Middle Ages.

Caste System and Feudal System Similarities

Both provided structure for society.

Renaissance in Italy

Began in Italy due to its central location in the Mediterranean.

Rise of Humanism

Emphasized individual accomplishments and human potential, leading to the decline of the Roman Catholic Church's influence.

Printing Advancement in 15th Century

Improvements to the printing press revolutionized the way ideas were spread throughout western Europe.

Triangular Trade Continents

The triangular trade took place between Europe, the Americas, and Africa.

First Known Ancient Writing System

Cuneiform.

Medieval Era Issues in Europe

A time when learning, trade, and the fine arts suffered.

European Exploration Effects

Led to the Columbian Exchange, introducing new crops, animals, and ideas, but also spreading diseases and initiating the Atlantic slave trade.

African Culture in Latin America

Influence largely resulted from the Atlantic Slave Trade.

Cultural Diffusion via Trade Routes

Facilitated the exchange of goods, religions, and technologies, connecting distant cultures and fostering innovation.