Bio Midterm

Eyepiece

The part of a compound light microscope through which the viewer looks to see the magnified image.

Objective lenses

Lenses that are closest to the specimen and provide different levels of magnification.

Stage

The flat platform where the slide with the specimen is placed in a microscope.

Light source

The part of a compound light microscope that illuminates the specimen for better visibility.

Focus knobs

Controls that adjust the focus of the microscope to clarify the image.

Bacilli

Rod-shaped bacteria.

Cocci

Round-shaped bacteria.

Staphylococcus

Clustered cocci that form grape-like structures.

Streptococcus

Chain of cocci, resembling a string of beads.

Spirilla

Spiral-shaped bacteria.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that are smaller and have a single-loop chromosome.

Eukaryotic Cells

Larger cells that contain linear chromosomes.

Glycolysis

The metabolic process in which glucose is split into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP.

Preparatory reaction

The process in the middle of mitochondria where pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA and CO2.

Citric acid cycle

The process in the matrix of the mitochondria where acetyl-CoA is completely broken down to CO2, producing a small amount of ATP.

Electron transport chain

The final step of cellular respiration occurring in the inner membrane of mitochondria that requires O2, producing H2O as a byproduct.