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Flashcards covering the properties of acids and bases, including definitions, models, and acid types.
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Acids
Substances with a sour taste that react with some metals to produce H2 gas and with carbonates to produce CO2 gas.
Bases
Substances with a bitter taste that feel slippery when mixed with water and neutralize acids.
Arrhenius Model of Acids and Bases
An early model that defined acids as substances releasing hydrogen ions (H+) in solution and bases as substances releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.
Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Model
A model defining acids as proton (H+ ion) donors and bases as proton acceptors.
Conjugate Acid
The substance formed when a base accepts a proton; it has acidic properties.
Conjugate Base
The substance formed when an acid donates a proton; it has basic properties.
Hydronium Ion
A water molecule that has accepted a proton (H3O+), representing H+ ions in aqueous solutions.
Amphoteric Substance
A substance that can act as both an acid and a base.
Strong Acids
Acids that dissociate almost completely in solution, resulting in a high concentration of H3O+ ions.
Weak Acids
Acids that only partially dissociate in solution, resulting in a lower concentration of H3O+ ions.
Monoprotic Acids
Acids that can donate one proton (H+).
Diprotic Acids
Acids that can donate two protons (H+).
Triprotic Acids
Acids that can donate three protons (H+).