Notes 39 - Properties of Acids and Bases (GGHS)

Flashcards covering the properties of acids and bases, including definitions, models, and acid types.

Acids

Substances with a sour taste that react with some metals to produce H2 gas and with carbonates to produce CO2 gas.

Bases

Substances with a bitter taste that feel slippery when mixed with water and neutralize acids.

Arrhenius Model of Acids and Bases

An early model that defined acids as substances releasing hydrogen ions (H+) in solution and bases as substances releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution.

Brønsted-Lowry Acid-Base Model

A model defining acids as proton (H+ ion) donors and bases as proton acceptors.

Conjugate Acid

The substance formed when a base accepts a proton; it has acidic properties.

Conjugate Base

The substance formed when an acid donates a proton; it has basic properties.

Hydronium Ion

A water molecule that has accepted a proton (H3O+), representing H+ ions in aqueous solutions.

Amphoteric Substance

A substance that can act as both an acid and a base.

Strong Acids

Acids that dissociate almost completely in solution, resulting in a high concentration of H3O+ ions.

Weak Acids

Acids that only partially dissociate in solution, resulting in a lower concentration of H3O+ ions.

Monoprotic Acids

Acids that can donate one proton (H+).

Diprotic Acids

Acids that can donate two protons (H+).

Triprotic Acids

Acids that can donate three protons (H+).