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Experiment
They changed something and used random groups (like giving some people vitamins and others a placebo).
Correlational
They didn’t change anything, just looked for a relationship (like sleep and GPA).
Case study
They studied one person or small group deeply.
Naturalistic observation
They just watched behavior without interfering.
Meta-analysis
They looked at results from lots of past studies.
Operational definition
What it's asking:
How exactly did they measure a variable?
How to figure it out:
Look for specific tools or methods used.
Ask yourself: What did they actually DO to measure this?
✅ Good answer: "Executive functioning was measured by how fast and accurately people told if two images were the same."
Statistical Interpretation
What it's asking:
What do the number differences between groups mean?
How to figure it out:
Compare group averages (means).
Say who did better and what it shows.
✅ Good answer: "The vitamin group scored higher, which suggests vitamins help memory."
Generalizations
say NOT generalizable and find flaws amongst the group being observed
Support/Refute Hypothesis
What it's asking:
Do the results support or go against what the researchers guessed (their hypothesis)?
To get full points:
Mention the actual results (numbers or outcomes).
Say what this means and how it’s wrong or right.