Romanesque Art

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17 Terms

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Romanesque

Roman-like

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Pilgrimage

A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes

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relic

holy objects

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Head reliquary of St. Alexander

  • a relic of St. Alexander, where his skull is held

<ul><li><p>a relic of St. Alexander, where his skull is held</p></li></ul><p></p>
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St. Sernin, Toulouse, France

  • Romanesque Architecture

  • Rise of pilgrimages led to changes in the church's design

  • Pilgrimage churches have radiating chapels (which contains relics) and stone barrel vaults

<ul><li><p>Romanesque Architecture</p></li><li><p>Rise of pilgrimages led to changes in the church's design</p></li><li><p>Pilgrimage churches have radiating chapels (which contains relics) and stone barrel vaults</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Monastaries

Communities of monks

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Who was St. Bernard?

He was

  • a monk and abbot of a monastery

  • a theologian

  • thought that art in monasteries was distracting

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Abbot

Head of a monastery

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Who's Abbess Hildegard of Bingen?

She was

  • a nun at the age of 15

  • has religious visions

  • wrote scientific treatises & made music

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Tympanum

Half-round panel between the lintel and arch over the doorway of the church

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Jamb figure

figures that were attached to columns on either side of the doorway

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Gislebertus, Last Judgment (tympanum of Autun church)

  • Shows huge figure, God (or Jesus), in the middle of the tympanum w/ a mandola

  • On the left is the weighing of souls, the right shows the blessed, good people

  • Bottom of the tympanum shows how the judgment will affect the dead as well, people rising up from the dead

  • Scary devils are there to remind the viewers to be ready for judgment day

<ul><li><p>Shows huge figure, God (or Jesus), in the middle of the tympanum w/ a mandola</p></li><li><p>On the left is the weighing of souls, the right shows the blessed, good people</p></li><li><p>Bottom of the tympanum shows how the judgment will affect the dead as well, people rising up from the dead</p></li><li><p>Scary devils are there to remind the viewers to be ready for judgment day</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Mandola

full body halo

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Pentecost & Missions of the Apostles (tympanum of Vezelay Church)

  • Jesus is again in the middle w/ his disciples on his sides holding codexes (books)

  • Rays emanating from Jesus's hands bless the books, sending off the apostles on their mission to convert the world

  • Surrounding of the tympanum, shows the others (non Christians) who look like freaks (animal heads, big ears)

  • Very important when it comes to the Crusades

<ul><li><p>Jesus is again in the middle w/ his disciples on his sides holding codexes (books)</p></li><li><p>Rays emanating from Jesus's hands bless the books, sending off the apostles on their mission to convert the world</p></li><li><p>Surrounding of the tympanum, shows the others (non Christians) who look like freaks (animal heads, big ears)</p></li><li><p>Very important when it comes to the Crusades</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Crusades

A series of holy wars undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule

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Crusades were launched where?

Vezelay, France

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Who was Sulten Saladin?

  • He was a muslim leader in the 3rd crusades

  • Took back Jerusalem

  • Yet he did so w/ mercy to his enemies as he let most of them go (paying fines if they can)

  • Shows tolerance to Christianity