Animal Nutrition Lecture

Midterms Topics

Hippocrates

• father of medicine

• let food thy be a medicine, thy medicine be thy food

Antoine Laurent Lavosier

• father of nutrition/animal nutrition

• discovered respiratory metabolism

Bousingault

salt containing iodine

Berzelius

• discovered iron in hemoglobin

Charles J. Chossat

calcium for bone development

Lunnin

milk contain small quantities of unknown substances essential to life

Agalactia

no milk flow

Christiaan Eijkman

beri-beri is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins

Beri-beri

caused by vitamin B1 deficiency

Casimir Funk

first to formulate the concept of vitamins in which he called vital amines or vitamines

Hart and Associates

White rats fed milk diet developed anemia traces of Copper added to Iron salts could cure Fe deficiency

Nutrition

Involves a series of processes by which an organism takes in and assimilates food for promoting growth and replacing worn-out or injured tissues

Feeds

contains nutrients (Water, energy, protein, minerals, and vitamins) that are used to meet the requirements for growth, production, reproduction, maintenance, and heath.)

C (40%), H(7%), O(53%)

What is the molecular weight of C, H, O in carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates

• major component of animal food consisting about 75% of the dry wt of plants which provide energy to animals

• largest of animal food supply

• formed by photosynthesis in plants

Ketosis

body burns fats for energy instead of glucose

Diabetes mellitus

body can’t produce insulin

Marasmus

disease caused by a deficiency of all nutrients

Kwashiorkor

protein-energy malnutrition

Monosaccharide

• C6H1206

• Building blocks from which all bigger carbohydrates are made

Aldose

known to be a reducing sugar

ketose

known to be a non-reducing sugar

Monosaccharide

Glucose

grape sugar

other term for glucose

fructose

75% of sugar in honey is______

galactose

component of milk sugar lactose

sucrose, lactose, maltose

what are the three most important disaccharides?

sucrose

which of the three important disaccharides is non-reducing sugar?

False

True or False. Disaccharides are insoluble in water.

Polysaccharide

Starch is an example of?

Animal Starch

Glycogen is known as?

Cellulose

What is the plant’s starch

Hemicellulose

known as wood molasses

Pectin

characteristically found between plant cell walls

Gums

found in exudates from plant stems

Mucilages

found in seaweed

Lignins

Insoluble fiber known as “not true carbohydrate”

Inulin

it hydrolyzes to fructose rather than glucose

C (77%), H (12%), O (11%)

WHAT IS THE MOlecular weight of CHO in lipids?

Linoleic, Linolenic, Arachidonic Acid

what are the three essential fatty acids?

Linoleic and Linolenic

cannot be synthesized, must be supplied in the diet

Arachidonic acid

can be synthesized from linoleic acid, required if linolenic acid is absent

A,D,E,K

Carrier for fat-soluble vitamins

lipoproteins

fats are transported from the liver to other tissues via?

Rancidity

oxidation of unsaturated fats causes foul odor/flavor

hydrogenation

hardens oils into solid fats

saponification

fat + alkali = soap (also happens in intestine)

emulsification

• fats broken into droplets via bile salts

• aids lipase action for digestion

Simple Lipids

neutral fats, waxes

compound lipids

phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids

Derived Lipids

• palmitic, oleic

• steroids ( cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone, progesterone)

• waxes, pigments

triglycerides

main storage for fats

C (53%), H (7%), O (23%), N (16%), P (1%)

what is the molecular weight CHONP in proteins?

simple protein

albumin

simple portein

globulins

simple protein

glutelins

simple protein

prolamins

simple protein

protamines

simple protein

histones

conjugated proteins

nucleoproteins

conjugated proteins

phosphoproteins

conjugated proteins

lipoproteins

conjugated proteins

glycoproteins

fibrous

collagen

fibrous

elastin

fibrous

keratin

globular proteins

enzymes

globular proteins

protein hormones

globular proteins

oxygen-carrying protein

albumin

• soluble in water and salt solutions

• help maintain osmotic pressure in the blood and are easily transported through body fluids due to their high solubility

calcium

osteoporosis

folic acid

megaloblastic anemia

zinc

parakeratosis

iron

labored breathing/thumps

panthothenic acid

goose stepping

NEAA

glutamin

perosis

other term for slipped tendon

manganese

perosis deficiency

condodestrophy

other term for slipped tendon aside form perosis

derived lipids

steroid

simple protein

casein

after small intestine

location of ceca

acetate, butyrate, propionate

three classifications of volatile acid

coprophagy

ability of an animal to eat its own feces

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

enzymes found in stomach

polyneuritis

stargazing other term

calcium

rickets

calcium

milk fever

phosphorus

pica

magnesium

hypomagnesemia

grass tetany

other term for hypomagnesemia

zinc

parakeratosis

manganese

perosis (slipped tendon)

copper

enzootic ataxia in lambs

iodine

goiter and alopecia

selenium

nutritional muscular dystrophy

white muscle disease

other term for nutritional muscular dystrophy

retinol

vitamin a

tocopherol

vitamin e

thiamine

vitamin b1