chapter 29- vertebrates

nonvertebrate chordates

subphylum cephalochordata+ subphylum urochordata

subphylum cephalochordata

lancelets, filter feeders

subphylum urochordata

tunicates, larvae have chordate features, filterfeeders, grow in long chain colonies

vertebrate chordates

craniata, lamprey, gnathostomata, osteichthyes

craniata

vertebrates, first evolutionary innovation: head + skull

fish

paraphyletic, ectotherms (hagfish)

ectotherms

cold blooded

hagfish

skull, no spine, eel-like scavengers

lamprey

skull + spine, vertebrate replace notochord- protect spinal cord, no jaw, parasites/filterfeeders

gnathostomata

jawed vertebrates; skull, spine, + jaw

gnathostomata class

class chondrichthyes

class chondrichthyes

cartilaginous fish, sharks + rays, paired fins, carnivores

cartilaginous skeleton

not bone, lightweight, not strong, reduces energy spent, stops sinking

osteichthyes

bony fish, bone skeleton, heavier but stronger, operculum

operculum

gill cover, protects gills, water passes

osteichthyes class

class actinopterygii, class sarcopterygii

class actinopterygii

ray-finned fish, almost all bony fish, fins are webbed skin with spines

class sarcopterygii

lobe finned fish, muscular bony fins