Paints and Coatings

Paint

is the solution of a pigment in water, oil or organic solvent, used to cove wood or metal articles either for protection or for appearance.

Architectural Paints

air-drying materials applied by brush or spray to architectural and structural surfaces and forms for decorative and protective purposes

Commercial Paints

air-drying or baking-cured materials applied by brush, spray, or magnetic agglomeration to kitchen and laundry appliances, automobile, machinery, and furniture and used as highway marking materials

Industrial Paints

used as corrosion-resistant coatings and high temperature coating

Pigment

Gives the paint a color, but also plays a role in the consistency, ease of application, drying ability, durability, and hardness

Vehicle

a liquid in which pigment is dispersed before being applied to a surface to control consistency, adhesion, gloss and durability

Binder

makes the coat of paint retain its structure and bonds it to the surface to which it is applied

Solvent

dissolves the paint to make it usable and workable at normal room temperatures

Primer

are basecoats applied to a surface to improve the adhesion of subsequent coats of paint or varnish

Sealer

are basecoats applied to a surface to reduce absorption of subsequent coats of paint or varnish or to prevent bleeding through the finish coat

Oil Paints

Utilize a drying oil that oxidizes and hardens to form a tough elastic film when exposed to thin layer of air

Alkyd Paints

have alkyd resin as a binder, such as chemically modified soy or linseed oil

Latex Paints

a binder and acrylic resin that coalesces as water evaporates from the emulsion

Epoxy Paints

have an epoxy resin as a binder for increased resistance to corrosion, abrasion and chemicals

Rust inhibiting and Primers

especially formulated with anti-corrosive pigments to prevent or reduce the corrosion of metal surfaces

Fire-retardant Paints

especially formulated with silicone and polyvinyl chloride or other substance to reduce the spread of flame of a combustible material

Heat-Resistant Paints

especially formulated with silicone resins to withstand high
temperatures

Intumescent Coatings

swells to form a thick insulating layer of inert foam when exposed to heat or fire that retards flame spread and combustion

Blistering

bubbles resulting from localized loss of adhesion and lifting of paint film from the underlying surface.

Blocking

undesirable sticking together of two painted surfaces when pressed together (e.g. a door sticking to the door jamb)

Burnishing

increase in gloss or sheen of paint film when subjected to rubbing, scrubbing, or having an object brush against it.

Cracking/Flaking

splitting through at least one coat as a result of aging, which ultimately will lead to complete failure of the paint. In Its early stages, the problem appears as hairline cracks; In Its later stages, flaking occurs.

Foaming/Cratering

formation of bubbles (foaming) and resulting small, round concave depressions (cratering) when bubbles break in a paint film, during paint application and drying.

Lapping

appearance of a denser color or increased gloss where wet and dry layers overlap during paint application.

Mildew

black, grey or brown spots or areas on the surface of paint or caulk.

Mud Cracking

deep, irregular crack resembling dried mud in a dry paint film.

Sagging

downward "drooping" movement of the paint film immediately after application, resulting in a uneven coating.

Surfactant Leaching

concentration of water-soluble ingredients on the surface of a latex paint, typically on a ceiling surface in rooms that have high humidity (e.g. shower, bathroom, kitchen); may be evident as tan or drown spots or areas, and can sometimes be glossy, soapy or sticky.

Wrinkling

a rough, crinkled paint surface, which occurs when uncured paint forms a "skin."

Poor print resistance

tendency of paint film to take on the imprint of an object that is placed on it (e.g., a shelf, table, window sill or countertop with books, dishes and other objects of them).

Alligatoring

Patterned cracking in the surface of the paint film resembling the regular scales of an alligator.

Chalking

Formation of fine powder on the surface of the paint film during weathering, which can cause color fading. Although some degree of chalking is a normal, desirable way for a paint film to wear, excessive film erosion can result in heavy chalking.

Dirt Pickup

Accumulation of dirt, dust particles and/or other debris on the paint film; may resemble mildew.

Efflorescence / Mottling

Crusty, white salt deposits, leached from mortar or masonry as water passes through it.

Frosting

a white, salt-like substance on the paint surface. Frosting can occur on any paint color, but it is less noticeable on white paint or light tints. On masonry, it can be mistakes for efflorescence

Paint incompatibility

Loss of adhesion where many old coats of alkyd or oil-based paint received a latex top coat

Peeling

loss of paint due to poor adhesion.

Poor alkali resistance

Color loss and overall determination of paint film on fresh masonry

Poor galvanized metal adhesion

Paint that has lost its adhesion to a galvanized metal substrate

Poor gloss retention

Deterioration of the paint film, resulting in excessive or rapid loss of luster of the top coat

Vinyl siding warp

Warping or buckling of vinyl siding panels that have been repainted.

Wrinkling

a rough, crinkled paint surface occurring when paint forms "skin".

Stain

is a solution of dye or suspension of pigment in a vehicle, applied to penetrate and color a wood surface without obscuring the grain.

Water Stain

a penetrating stain made by dissolving a powder form dye dissolve in hot water as a vehicle.

Spirit Stain

A penetrating stain made by dissolving dye in an alcohol or spirit vehicle.

Pigmented Stain

Also called opaque stain; an oil stain containing pigments capable of obscuring the grain and texture of a wood surface. Applied by wiping.

Oil Stain

Made by dissolving dye or suspending pigment in a drying oil or oil varnish vehicle.

Varnish

is a liquid preparation of a resin dissolved in oil or in alcohol that when spread and allowed to dry forms a hard, lustrous and transparent coating.

Alkyd varnish

is the standard all-purpose interior variety with decent protective qualities

Spar varnish or marine varnish

it is a durable, weather-resistant varnish made from durable resins and linseed or tung oil

Polyurethane varnish

varnish of exceptionally hard, abrasion and chemical-resistant varnish made from plastic resin

Lacquer varnish

refers to any of various clear or colored synthetic coatings of nitrocellulose or other cellulose derivative dissolved in a solvent that dries by evaporation to form a high gloss film; has moderate water resistance, but it's sensitive to heat and certain solvents

Shellac varnish

spirit varnish made by dissolving purified lac flakes in denatured alcohol