Individual Differences Psych 1b

What are differences and the 4 types?

basic (, height, weight, body, build, skin, hair, ‘attractiveness)

physiological / medical (e.g., blood pressure, hormonal levels, metabolic rates,
‘fitness’ levels, glucose and lactose tolerance, fertility)

surprising (location of organs, number and shape of bones, fingers)

developmental – (e.g., ‘readiness for learning reading’, pubertal timing, ageing)

what are the 3 aims of differential psychology'?

description- identify stable patterns to compare indis

prediction- use between/within-person phenomena to predict outcomes

explanation- explore intra and environmental processes that produce differences

who was cronbach?

he described 2 diff disciplines of scientific psychology - experimental and correlational

what is experimental psych?

manipulate conditions to see what happens

but CAN FAIL TO ACKNOWLEDGE THAT SOME ERROR IN THEIR MODEL IS SYSTEMATIC, IE DUE TO IDS

what is correlational psych?

identify and measure free-standing patterns of nature we can’t directly control- DIFFERENTIAL

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BUT can fail to acknowledge situations can also constrain behaviour

what are some of the other kind of differences social scientists are interested in?

demographic status (CARGO)

lifestyle factors

experiences and upbringing

psychological attributes (ie motivations, goals, risk tolerance, gender and sexual identity)

Are all differences normally distributed?

no, for example propensity for crime

what are psychological traits assumed to be?

lie within individuals

• distinguish amongst individuals

• be relatively stable over time

what do differential psychologists measure?

traits

what is intelligence?

“A very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience. It is not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill, or test-taking smarts. Rather, it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings – ‘catching on’, ‘making sense’ of things, or ‘figuring out what to do.’”

what can IQ predict?

Predicts: Job performance, wealth, health, avoidance of ‘snares’ (e.g., prison)

ABC type questions measure

affect behaviour cognition

personality relies to these 3 things

no me encuentro bien asi que tendre que repasar esto seguramente, es q tengo miedo y me

missed first 5

what are some difficulties in measuring indi differences?

can’t directly observe many of the traits we are interested in and all is subject to scientific disagreement

zoned out first 12 mins

what is fluid intellignece?

biologically fixed cognitive capacities can be applied to anything

measured using figural tests

what is crystallised intelligence?

acquisition of knowledge and procedural skills

measured using verbal tests

traits versus types

?

personality types used for?

what is the normative way of measuring personality?

compare indi to group

used in hiring process

use likert scale to rank candidates

interindividual

what is the ipsative way of measuring personality?

indi against themselves

team-building purposes

intraindividual

what are some similarities of personality and intelligence?

both are heritable, develop over time but are stable cross-situationally

tendré q ver esta catédra otra vez pq habla muy lentamente y me cuesta enfocar es como tía por favor habla un poco más rapidamente te pido limosnas