Introduction/History of Criminal Investigations (Chapter 1)

Kin Policing

Early form of law enforcement where families or kin groups were responsible for maintaining order.

Laws of Hammurabi

Deals with individual responsibilities to groups and private dealings between individuals.

Messengers

Assigned the responsibility of carrying out the law.

Roman Influence

Twelve Tables, Trial by Ordeal, and Trial by Combat

13th Century

Age of Reason, and Sheriffs established

Star Chamber

Derived its authority from the king and used brutal, legalized methods or torture to force confessions from suspects.

Bow Street Runners

The first professional police force in England, introduced by Henry Fielding in 1750, were known colloquially as thief takers, and was fee based.

Informants and Raids

Was established from the Bow Street Runners

Metropolitan Police of London

Established in 1829, it was the first organized police force in London.

Investigative Unit

Was formed to handle criminal cases in 1842.

French Surete

The French police force established in 1810, founded by Francois-Eugene Vidocq.

Undercover Roles

Was established by the French Surete

Judiciary Act of 1789

Legislation that established the federal court system and the United States Marshals Service.

Revenue Cutter Service

A service appointed to combat smuggling in the United States.

US Postal Service Detectives

Established in 1829 to investigate mail fraud.

Allan Pinkerton

A notable figure in criminal investigations who founded a private detective agency in the 1850s.

Operatives

Investigators created by Allan Pinkerton to infiltrate criminal organizations.

Theory of Crime

The more facts shown to be consistent with theory and the tighter the evidence, the more confidence the investigator has.

Inductive logic

Starts form specific premises to form a general conclusion.

Deductive logic

Starts from general premises to form a specific conclusion.

First Female Investigator

1856