Hidden world

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23 Terms

1

Microbes

Organisms that are only visible using a microscope

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2

Cellular microbes

Bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi

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3

Acellular microbes

Viruses

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4

Original replicating molecule

Fulfilled both enzymatic & hereditary function

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5

Ribozymes

RNA strands that have no free nucleotides to pair, folds and pairs with own bases

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6

All organisms descended from

Luca

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7

What separated first

Bacteria and archaea

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8

What led to increase in o2 in earths atmosphere

Evolution of photosynthetic bacteria (Cyanobacteria)

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9

How eukaryotes formed

Archaea cell merged with bacterial cell

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10

How did great oxygenation event occur

Build up of o2 by Cyanobacteria

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11

What happens after great oxygenation event

1st multicellular eukaryotes evolve, then 1st photosynthetic eukaryotes

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12

How does refraction occur

Light refracts when passing from one medium to another

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13

What determines direction and magnitude of bending

Refractive indices of two media forming the interface

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14

What do convex lenses do

Focus light at a specific point (focal point)

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15

What is focal length

Distance between centre of lens and the focal point

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16

Strength of lens is related to focal length

Short focal length = greater magnification

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17

Resolution

Ability of lens to distinguish two distinct points

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18

Fixation

How organisms firmly attach to microscope slide

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19

Heat fixation

Preserves overall morphology but not internal structures (bacteria & archaea)

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20

Chemical fixation

Protects fine cellular substructure and morphology (larger more delicate organisms)

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21

What do dyes do

Make internal and external structures of cell more visible by increasing contrast with background

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22

Phase contract microscope

Converts differences in cell density into detected variations in light intensity

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23

Fluorescence microscope

Excitation with light of specific wavelength causes fluorescent protein to emit longer wavelength light

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