Geography biodiversity in tropical rainforests and coral reefs

biome

biome

a large, naturally occurring community of plants and animals occupying a major habitat

TEA

trend example anomaly

hadley cell

allows hot air to rise an as the hot air and water vapour rises it condensates and cools which forms clouds

layers in a rainforest

ground layer, canopy, emergent layer

trend in rainfall and temperature in tropical rainforest

when the temperature is high the rainfall is low

biodiversity

the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat

why is Haiti’s rainforest so biodiverse

it is close to the equator which means lots of photosynthesis and plant growth

how do you measure the development of a country

education, healthcare, life expectancy, infant mortality rate, housing/infrastructure, economy

indigenous

people who originate from a particular region or country who choose to remain living in their ancestral home

where do the yanomami tribe live

south america

where do the huli tribe live

in papua new ginea

where do the pygmy tribe live?

in west and central africa

name 3 threats that indigenous tribes face

disease, development of gold mines, lack of healthcare, industrial companies wanting to take away the natural resources and parts of the land, forced to work in towns and cities

deforestation

the cutting clearing and removal of forest into less biodiverse ecosystem

how many trees are lost to deforestation each year around the world

over 15 billion

what products can people get from deforestation

furniture, palm oil, medicine, food, soaps

what is the biggest cause of deforestation

building cattle ranches

mining

gold miners deforest areas of the rainforesr and take up more land. they need to be close to rivers but often pollute them

slash and burn

a process where existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown. subsistence farmers use this technique, they move onto another area to repeat the process.

logging companies

companies are deforesting areas of the amazon rainforest and selling mahogany to the UK to make a profit

road building

roads are increasingly being built across the amazon rainforest to allow logs and other products to be easily removed from the rainforest

cattle ranchers

cattle graze on amazonian land, the rainforest is being cut down to allow cattle to feed and then being sold to North America for meat

population growth

a higher population leads to demand for more housing. trees can be cut down to make room for more houses

plantations

these are areas to grow coffee beans, they use pesticides to make the soil more fertile which ruins the soil over time

atmosphere

the layer of gases surrounding the earth such as oxygen and carbon dioxide

what are the four environmental impacts on the rainforest

reduces animal habitats

soil erosion leads to flooding

plants could be ingredient in medicine

leads to more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

what are the four economic impacts on the rainforest

people try get money from the materials

might need to pay a fee to reduce carbon emission

tourists will decrease resulting in a loss of jobs and income for locals

minerals such as gold provide countries with lots of income

what are the three social impacts on the rainforest

the rainforest absorbs emission from cars, busses and factories

indigenous people get evicted from their homes

mining and farming provides jobs for local people

sustainability

using natural resources responsibly, so they can support both present and future generations

adaptation

the way a plant or animal has evolved to survive and thrive in its environmentwh

what are some adaptations for animals in the deepest oceans

light up, large teeth, clone, large mouth, feet, pressure sensors

species

related organisms that show common characteristics and are capable of interbreeding

what countries are part of the coral triangle

Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste

what opportunities does the coral triangle offer to people in the area

tuna industry

income and food security

tourism

climate change

a long term shift in temperature and weather patterns

destructive fishing practices

fishing kills coral refs as poison may be used in the collection of fish.

fishing vessels drag enormous fishing nets across the sea bed, causing damage to deep sea coral

over fishing

large nets remove young fish before they have had the opportunity to re grow their population. this affects the balance of coral reefs

pollution (coral reef)

sewage and farming chemicals increase the level of nitrogen in seawater causing overgrowth of algae which blocks the sunlight coral needs to grow. also kills reef organism

tourism (coral reef)

diving and snorkelling can stir up sediment severely affecting coral reefs.

mining (coral reefs)

the mining of coral has removed a habitat for many marine life. mining also causes sand erosion

climate change (coral reefs)

an increase in water temperature kills of algae which leads to coral loosing their colour making them white

pollution

the introduction of harmful materials into the environment

conservation

the protection and management of ecosystems for current and future generations