intro to psychology: test 2

in the past week, kartia got dumped by her partner and was fired from their job. when anyone asks, they explain that mercury was in .... in their life to the position of the planets, they are exhibiting an ______ locus of control.

external

which of the following statements about prenatal neural developments is correct?

neuronal migration is initially determined by a generically determined rough "wiring diagram"

we can acquire our self-concept through all of the following except:

observation of others' behavior

makayla and barack are both five years old and pretending to be mountain climbers as they ascend the jungle gym of the park. how would you describe this type of play and during which developmental stage does it tend to emerge?

imaginative play; preoperational stage

According to psychoanalytic theory, thoughts and feelings that fall below the threshold of our awareness but can still guide our thoughts and ...

un

arjun is 4 years old and can clearly indicate that two containers of the same size filled to the same level hold the same amount... poured into another that is skinnier and taller. arjun indicates that the new container now holds more liquid. which stage of cognitive development is arjun in and what principle has he failed to understand?

preoperational; conservation

a research group wants to study changes in peoples' attitudes toward medical care as they age from 70 to 80 years. which of the develop... requires only one group of participants for this research?

longitudinal

which of the following accurately describes motives?

motives are various internal forces that prompt our actions

francis hopes to lose weight by following a highly advertised diet. he enjoys success while dieting and loses .. pounds.... he quickly regains the weight he lost. which of the following terms refers to the original weight to which francis returns after he stops..

body weight set point

elisha is a psychology major and most fascinated by how people change physically, socially, and emotionally, over the... which of the following most closely matches her interest?

developmental

which of the following most accurately describes patterns of generic influence on sexual orientation?

having a homosexual identical twin increases the likelihood of homosexuality more than a homosexual fraternal twin

in psychoanalytical theory, the ___ mediates between the demands of the pleasure-focused ___ and the moralistic _____

ego; id; superego

in his early research on the development of attachment, konrad lorenz found that ducklings ______

imprint on the first moving stimulus they see about 12 hours after hatching

regarding their perspectives on the primary agent in child development, jean piaget believed ______

children discover the world on their own, children discover the world with guidance from knowledge

which of the following motives best describes the desire to have friends, fit in, be accepted and maintain social ... with others?

the motive to belong

which of the following is a true statement about homeostasis?

deviations from homeostasis create an internal state of tension called a drive

in her ongoing quest for personal improvement, mia has finally begun to fully accept herself and other people and has also .... according to humanistic psychologists, what has mia achieved?

self-actualization

according to the ____ hypothesis, the traits that are most useful for distinguishing between people become part of the language ....

lexical

which of the following brain regions is most involved in regulating appetite?

hypothalamus

a laboratory wants to develop a drug that can be administered prenatally to alter the course of brain development in fetuses that carry ... accurately describes the role of environmental influence on prenatal brain development that the scientists should consider before they ....

although genes determine the foundation for the general mapping and connections of the developing fetus, there is flexibility in the following environment influences:

according to research on the stability of personality, someone who scores well above average on any given trait in their 20s is likely to .... trait in their 60s

well above

alicia's roommate convince her to join them in climbing the roof of their residence hall despite signs forbidding it ... ____ motive and sacrificing the ____ motive

belonging; safety

which of the following arrangements correctly orders abraham maslow's hierarchy of needs from...

psychological, safety, belonging, esteem, self actualization,

when raul returns home in the late afternoon after three days of hiking and two nights of sleeping in a sleeping bag, he feels ... how would the drive reduction account of motivation explain raul's behavior?

raul's... seek homeostasis with a prolonged sleep

which of the following most accurately describes the motive to achiece?

both the fear of failure and desire for success comprise the motive to achieve but they are only loosely correlated

richard wants to incorporate the attachment theories of harry harlow and john bowlby into a chimpanzee orphan sanctuary... what artificial resources should he provide for the orphaned chimps to aid in their attachment development absent of their mothers?

artificial mothers that provide contact comfort because satisfying comfort needs is the foundation of attachment

which of the following describes the bi-directional influences between internal personal factors, environmental factors, and behavior?

reciprocal determinism

a research group wants to compare the vocabulary abilities of 10-year olds, 15- year olds, and 20-year olds. if participants.... the researchers would utilize the ______ design method.

cross-sectional

which statement about the typical process of social identity development in adolescence is true?

as they develop, adolescents gradually reduce their need to belong and discriminate

personality dimensions that have perviously been referred to as masculinity and femininity are now more commonly known as _____

agency; communion

katherine is in the developmental stage of adolescence. according to the developmental theory proposed by erik erikson, which ... by the end of this stage?

identity versus role confusion

the BAS regulates _____ behavior, while the BIS regulates ______ behavior

approach, avoidance

place the prenatal development stages in the proper order from earliest to latest

germinal, embryonic, fetal

kris is in her mid-50s and increasingly values emotional goals over informational goals. she believes that this... which theory aligns with and supports kris's experience?

socioemotional selectivity theory

after having another argument with his boss, isiah comes home and yells at his soft-spoken roommate who has nothing to do with his.. which of the following is isiah's behavior an example of?

displacement

bob is an 80-year old man who demonstrates a typical pattern of performance of intelligence measures for someone at his developmental stage. ....bob most likely perform better on now than when he was 30 years old?

tests of vocabulary

natalia and very outspoken and assertive, but only when she is practicing or competing as a member of her school's debate team...

person x situation interaction

the time span between _____ is referenced when developmental psychologists use the term "childhood"

the end of infancy and the start of adolescence

while shopping at the supermarket, you see a small child throw a tantrum because their parent won't buy them the candy they want... mind is likely responsible for this child's behavior?

id

which of the following is not true regarding obesity?

obesity is primarily a problem in poorer nations

which psychologist introduced the social-cognitive approach to personality?

walter mischel

what did jean piaget argue about the process of cognitive development in childhood?

it is active and mostly self-driven

place piaget's stages of cognitive development in the proper order from earliest to latest

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operation

monica has an intense fear of gaining weight and is obsessive about restricting her food intake, exercising excessively, monitoring her weight. as a result her body weight is far below healthy level. which of the following disorders best labels monica's condition?

anorexia nervosa

gordon allport distinguished between three different kinds of personality traits. what are they?

cardinal, central, secondary

what is the correct order of the psychosocial stages in early then middle adulthood, as proposed by erik erikson?

intimacy versus isolation, productivity versus stagnation

bihn is from canada and frank is from vietnam. they both enjoy playing online poker and often play together from their home computers.. both bihn and frank display similar facial expressions and outward emotions as poker game... when they meet they react with very different facial expressions and emotional reactions during play. which of the following is most likely responsible for... emotional display?

their cultures have different display rules.

conflict between the trait and social-cognitive approaches led to an increased attention to ______ in the study of personality

person x situation interactions

______ is defined as a relatively consistent pattern of thinking and behaving that can explain why different people might react differently...

personality

the brain stem, cerebellum, spinal cord, midbrain, and forebrain all develop from which embryonic structure?

neural tube

while backpacking around the world, anthony makes an effort to sample delicacies from all of the local cuisines,.... based on this behavior, which of the big five traits would anthony likely score very high on?

openness

devin and mary are identical twin infants. they both take their first steps on the same day in their 9th month. what is an accurate statement.. development?

genetics play a major role in motor development

which trait is not one of the big five?

assertiveness