AP Government for Gabbey Quiz on Constitution and Amendments

First Amendment

Protects the freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

Second Amendment

a well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Fourth Amendment

protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government

Ninth Amendment

the rights of citizens will be protected whether these rights are listed or not

Fourteenth Amendment

granted citizenship to those born or naturalized in the United States and guaranteed freedom, due process, and equal protection under the law to all Americans.

Nineteenth Amendment

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

Twenty Fourth Amendment

It abolished and forbids the federal and state governments from imposing taxes on voters during federal elections. Can’t limit voting.

Twenty Sixth Amendment

Lower voting age from 21 to 18 years old.

Marbury v. Madison

establised judicial review

Brown v. Board of Education

a landmark Supreme Court case that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Engel v. Vitale

a Supreme Court case that ruled it unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

Mapp v. Ohio

a Supreme Court case that ruled evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment cannot be used in state courts.

Miranda v. Arizona

a Supreme Court case that established the Miranda rights, requiring police to inform suspects of their rights to silence and legal counsel during interrogations.

NY Times v. U.S.

a Supreme Court case that upheld the right of the press to publish classified information in the Pentagon Papers, reinforcing the principle of freedom of the press.

Gideon v. Wainwright

a Supreme Court case that ruled the Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to counsel for defendants in criminal cases, even if they cannot afford an attorney.

The Federalist Papers

the series of essays and pamphlets to ratify thet constituion

Some authors of the pamphlets in the federalist papers

James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton

Virginia Plan

a proposal for a strong national government with a bicameral legislature, three branches (executive,legislative, judicial), favoring larger states in representation

New Jersey Plan

wanted to modify the Articles and said that each state could have one vote on all issues

Connecticut Compromise/ Great Compromise

provided for a bicameral legislature, with representation in the House of Representatives according to population and in the Senate by equal numbers for each state

Full Faith and Credit

a clause that requires states to respect the laws and judgments of courts from other states

ex post facto

laws cannot be made after the fact/ cannot made something illegal after it already happened at legal

judicial review

holds that the courts are vested with the authority to determine the legitimacy of the acts of the executive and the legislative branches of government

exculsionary rule

prevents evidence obtained in violation of a defendant's constitutional rights from being used in court, evidence must fit the warrant

The Civil Right Act of 1964

prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

Title IX

prohibits sex discrimination in schools and other educational programs that receive federal funding

ERA

Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.