TEAS SCIENCE - Macromolecules

Carbohydrate

Biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

CHO

Sugars, starch, cellulose

Monosaccharides-monomer carbohydrate

Disaccharide- 2

Polysaccharide - many

Carbohydrate rule: the word ends with -ose: GlucOSE, MaltOSE, lactOSE, FructOSE, SucrOSE

cell walls: plant cell wall - celluLOSE, fungi cell wall: chitin

Cellulose respiration: glucose used to make → ATP

Lipids

Diverse group of organic compounds

CHO

Fats, waxes, fat-soluble vitamins, monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids

Types: triglycerides (used for long-term energy storage) , phospholipids, steroids

Lipid breakdown: lipids do not have a true monomer because they do not have repeating units

Lipids are hydrophobic

Cell membranes, long term energy storage, insulation: myelin sheath, carry electrical impulses, temp regulation, hormones

Nucleic acids

Large biomolecule in all cells and viruses

CHONP

Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base

Nucleotide- monomer

Genetic information- AU, CG, for coding traits and function, from physical to psychological practices

Proteins

Large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid

CHON

Common: meat, nuts, beans, eggs

Amino acid- monomer of protein

Structure: muscle tissue, hair follicle, collagen

Cell membranes/ receptors: protein channels, cell receptor

Enzymes/antibodies/ hormones: insulin

Genes: underline genetic bases

Monomer

Building block

A molecule that can react together with other monomers to form a large polymer chain