Studied by 29 people
Pueblo & Apache (South)
Cliff dwellings
Irrigation
Nez Perce & Shoshone (Northwest)
Longhouses
Fish
Totem poles
Comanche, Dakota & Sioux (Great Plaines)
Nomadic
Teepees
Buffalo
Choctaw, Shawnee, & Cahokia (Miss River Valley)
Mounds
Hunter-gatherer
Three Sisters farming
Powhatan & Iroquois (North East)
Longhouses
Maternal Societies
Villages
Iroquois Confederacy
Group of tribes maintaining permanent peace and alliance
Maize
Corn- important resource for tribes
Aztecs
Warriors
Tenochtitlan (advanced city)
Math
Relied on maize
Incas
Terrace farming
Roads for trade
Machu Picchu (religious capital)
Relied on potatoes
Mayans
Pyramids and temples
Trade
Theocracy
Mayan calendar (365 days)
Economic Motivations
Gold
Land
Materials
Political Motivations
More power
Spain is Unified
Ferdinand and Isabella marry, fund voyage
Treaty of Tordesillas
Pope divides New World between Spain and Portugal- shows Pope’s support of exploration
Spanish Conquistadores
Conquer indigenous (guns, disease)
Hernan Cortez
Conquered the Aztecs
Colombian Exchange
Exchange of goods between New and Old World
Old → New World
Sugar, coffee, beans
Horses, cows, pigs
smallpox, malaria
New → Old World
Tobacco, corn, potatoes
Turkeys
Syphilis
Mercantilism
Export more than import
Wealth and success dependent on gold
Encomienda System
Forced labor and conversion of natives
Bartoleme de las Casas
argued against encomienda- natives are real people
Juan de Sepulveda
argued for encomienda - natives are uncivilized and incapable
Valladolid Debate
Between Sepulveda and Las Casas over the encomienda system
Asiento System
Spanish import African Americans for labor after Natives die of disease
Castas System
Racial hierarchy created by Spanish
relationships between races
Missions
Spanish convert natives to Catholicism
Created Towns
Mission architecture
African Culture
Brought by enslaved
dance and music
Note 
Flashcard (116)