APUSH Period 1 Review

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28 Terms

1

Pueblo & Apache (South)

Cliff dwellings

Irrigation

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2

Nez Perce & Shoshone (Northwest)

Longhouses

Fish

Totem poles

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3

Comanche, Dakota & Sioux (Great Plaines)

Nomadic

Teepees

Buffalo

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4

Choctaw, Shawnee, & Cahokia (Miss River Valley)

Mounds

Hunter-gatherer

Three Sisters farming

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5

Powhatan & Iroquois (North East)

Longhouses

Maternal Societies

Villages

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6

Iroquois Confederacy

Group of tribes maintaining permanent peace and alliance

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7

Maize

Corn- important resource for tribes

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8

Aztecs

Warriors

Tenochtitlan (advanced city)

Math

Relied on maize

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9

Incas

Terrace farming

Roads for trade

Machu Picchu (religious capital)

Relied on potatoes

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10

Mayans

Pyramids and temples

Trade

Theocracy

Mayan calendar (365 days)

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11

Economic Motivations

Gold

Land

Materials

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12

Political Motivations

More power

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13

Spain is Unified

Ferdinand and Isabella marry, fund voyage

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14

Treaty of Tordesillas

Pope divides New World between Spain and Portugal- shows Pope’s support of exploration

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15

Spanish Conquistadores

Conquer indigenous (guns, disease)

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16

Hernan Cortez

Conquered the Aztecs

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17

Colombian Exchange

Exchange of goods between New and Old World

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18

Old → New World

Sugar, coffee, beans

Horses, cows, pigs

smallpox, malaria

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19

New → Old World

Tobacco, corn, potatoes

Turkeys

Syphilis

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20

Mercantilism

Export more than import

Wealth and success dependent on gold

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21

Encomienda System

Forced labor and conversion of natives

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22

Bartoleme de las Casas

argued against encomienda- natives are real people

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23

Juan de Sepulveda

argued for encomienda - natives are uncivilized and incapable

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24

Valladolid Debate

Between Sepulveda and Las Casas over the encomienda system

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25

Asiento System

Spanish import African Americans for labor after Natives die of disease

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26

Castas System

Racial hierarchy created by Spanish

relationships between races

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27

Missions

Spanish convert natives to Catholicism

Created Towns

Mission architecture

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28

African Culture

Brought by enslaved

dance and music

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