The Late Twentieth Century - Chapter 38

A collection of vocabulary flashcards focusing on key terms and concepts from the Late Twentieth Century lecture.

Detente

A policy aimed at easing Cold War tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States.

OPEC

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, which cut oil production in the 1970s.

Watergate Scandal

A major political scandal that led to President Nixon's resignation in 1974.

Berlin Wall

A concrete wall erected in 1961 that separated East and West Berlin, its fall in 1989 signified the end of communism in Europe.

Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The process that led to the end of the Soviet Union in 1991, marking the conclusion of the Cold War.

Jazz

A genre of music recognized as art music with institutions created to preserve its classic forms.

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum

An institution established to preserve the legacy of rock music.

Stephen Sondheim

A prominent American composer known for musicals such as Company, Sweeney Todd, and Sunday in the Park with George.

Andrew Lloyd Webber

A leading English composer known for musicals like Jesus Christ Superstar, Evita, and Cats.

Nuevo Tango

A style of tango created by Ástor Piazzolla that combines jazz and classical music elements.

Fusion Jazz

A blending of jazz with elements from rock, soul, and rhythm and blues, popularized in the 1970s.

Avant-garde Jazz

A genre of jazz that incorporates elements of non-Western music and performance art.

World Music

An umbrella term for music that crosses cultural boundaries, integrating Western and non-Western traditions.

Glocalization

The adaptation of global forces to local cultural needs, affecting music and other cultural expressions.

Computer Music

Music produced using computer technology, including synthesized sounds and sampling techniques.

Sampling

The process of digitally manipulating recorded music segments, commonly used in hip hop and experimental music.

Music Videos

Short films that provide visual accompaniment to songs, popularized by MTV in the early 1980s.

Punk Rock

A music genre that emerged in the 1970s characterized by its raw sound and lyrical themes of teenage alienation.

Grunge

A style of alternative rock that gained prominence in the 1990s, featuring heavy guitar tones and introspective lyrics.

Hip Hop

A genre of music and cultural movement that originated in the 1970s, incorporating rhythmic vocal style called rapping.

Minimalism

A music movement focusing on simplicity and repeated patterns, gaining prominence since the 1970s.

Terry Riley

A composer known for exploring patterns through repetition, especially with his piece In C.

Steve Reich

A minimalist composer recognized for his innovative use of phasing and large-scale works.

Philip Glass

A composer who blended minimalist techniques with elements from popular and classical music.

Spectralism

A postmodern musical trend focusing on the timbre and acoustics of sound, analyzing its spectral properties.

Neo-Romanticism

A revival of Romantic-era aesthetics characterized by emotional expressivity in music.

Arvo Pärt

An Estonian composer known for his minimalist style and use of tintinnabuli techniques.

Ellen Taaffe Zwilich

The first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize in Music for her Symphony No. 1, which blends modernist and traditional elements.

Postminimalism

A broadening of minimalism that incorporates diverse materials and emotional expressivity.

Frank Zappa

An American musician known for his avant-garde rock compositions that blend various musical styles.

Ryuichi Sakamoto

A composer known for his work in film scores and music that blends classical and electronic elements.

Jazz at Lincoln Center

An institution founded by Wynton Marsalis aimed at promoting and preserving jazz music.

Kronos Quartet

A string quartet known for its innovative performances and collaborations across genres.

Intrusive Media

The blending of visual and musical elements in pop performances, enhancing audience engagement.

P. D. Q. Bach

A comedic persona created by Peter Schickele, parodying classical music traditions.

Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom

A well-known work by composer John Tavener that incorporates liturgical music influences.

Niche Marketing in Music

The trend toward specialized music genres catering to specific audiences rather than mainstream popularity.

Bang on a Can

A New York-based collective and festival focused on contemporary music, promoting innovative works.

Mixed Media

The integration of multiple artistic expressions in music, often enhancing its visual and experiential quality.

Digital Synthesis

The process of generating sound using digital technology, revolutionizing music production.

Arts and Communication Technologies

The tools and methods that allow for immediate global communication and access to artistic content.

The Smithson Jazz Orchestra

An institution that aimed to preserve the history and legacy of jazz music.

Experiential Spectacle

Performances that engage audiences not just through sound but also through elaborate visual elements.

Film Scores

Musical compositions created specifically for films, which have evolved in complexity and sophistication.

Crossover Genres

Musical styles that blend elements from different traditions, breaking down traditional genre boundaries.