The Late Twentieth Century - Chapter 38

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A collection of vocabulary flashcards focusing on key terms and concepts from the Late Twentieth Century lecture.

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45 Terms

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Detente

A policy aimed at easing Cold War tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States.

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OPEC

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, which cut oil production in the 1970s.

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Watergate Scandal

A major political scandal that led to President Nixon's resignation in 1974.

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Berlin Wall

A concrete wall erected in 1961 that separated East and West Berlin, its fall in 1989 signified the end of communism in Europe.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The process that led to the end of the Soviet Union in 1991, marking the conclusion of the Cold War.

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Jazz

A genre of music recognized as art music with institutions created to preserve its classic forms.

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Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum

An institution established to preserve the legacy of rock music.

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Stephen Sondheim

A prominent American composer known for musicals such as Company, Sweeney Todd, and Sunday in the Park with George.

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Andrew Lloyd Webber

A leading English composer known for musicals like Jesus Christ Superstar, Evita, and Cats.

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Nuevo Tango

A style of tango created by Ástor Piazzolla that combines jazz and classical music elements.

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Fusion Jazz

A blending of jazz with elements from rock, soul, and rhythm and blues, popularized in the 1970s.

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Avant-garde Jazz

A genre of jazz that incorporates elements of non-Western music and performance art.

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World Music

An umbrella term for music that crosses cultural boundaries, integrating Western and non-Western traditions.

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Glocalization

The adaptation of global forces to local cultural needs, affecting music and other cultural expressions.

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Computer Music

Music produced using computer technology, including synthesized sounds and sampling techniques.

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Sampling

The process of digitally manipulating recorded music segments, commonly used in hip hop and experimental music.

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Music Videos

Short films that provide visual accompaniment to songs, popularized by MTV in the early 1980s.

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Punk Rock

A music genre that emerged in the 1970s characterized by its raw sound and lyrical themes of teenage alienation.

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Grunge

A style of alternative rock that gained prominence in the 1990s, featuring heavy guitar tones and introspective lyrics.

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Hip Hop

A genre of music and cultural movement that originated in the 1970s, incorporating rhythmic vocal style called rapping.

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Minimalism

A music movement focusing on simplicity and repeated patterns, gaining prominence since the 1970s.

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Terry Riley

A composer known for exploring patterns through repetition, especially with his piece In C.

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Steve Reich

A minimalist composer recognized for his innovative use of phasing and large-scale works.

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Philip Glass

A composer who blended minimalist techniques with elements from popular and classical music.

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Spectralism

A postmodern musical trend focusing on the timbre and acoustics of sound, analyzing its spectral properties.

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Neo-Romanticism

A revival of Romantic-era aesthetics characterized by emotional expressivity in music.

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Arvo Pärt

An Estonian composer known for his minimalist style and use of tintinnabuli techniques.

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Ellen Taaffe Zwilich

The first woman to win the Pulitzer Prize in Music for her Symphony No. 1, which blends modernist and traditional elements.

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Postminimalism

A broadening of minimalism that incorporates diverse materials and emotional expressivity.

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Frank Zappa

An American musician known for his avant-garde rock compositions that blend various musical styles.

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Ryuichi Sakamoto

A composer known for his work in film scores and music that blends classical and electronic elements.

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Jazz at Lincoln Center

An institution founded by Wynton Marsalis aimed at promoting and preserving jazz music.

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Kronos Quartet

A string quartet known for its innovative performances and collaborations across genres.

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Intrusive Media

The blending of visual and musical elements in pop performances, enhancing audience engagement.

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P. D. Q. Bach

A comedic persona created by Peter Schickele, parodying classical music traditions.

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Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom

A well-known work by composer John Tavener that incorporates liturgical music influences.

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Niche Marketing in Music

The trend toward specialized music genres catering to specific audiences rather than mainstream popularity.

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Bang on a Can

A New York-based collective and festival focused on contemporary music, promoting innovative works.

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Mixed Media

The integration of multiple artistic expressions in music, often enhancing its visual and experiential quality.

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Digital Synthesis

The process of generating sound using digital technology, revolutionizing music production.

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Arts and Communication Technologies

The tools and methods that allow for immediate global communication and access to artistic content.

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The Smithson Jazz Orchestra

An institution that aimed to preserve the history and legacy of jazz music.

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Experiential Spectacle

Performances that engage audiences not just through sound but also through elaborate visual elements.

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Film Scores

Musical compositions created specifically for films, which have evolved in complexity and sophistication.

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Crossover Genres

Musical styles that blend elements from different traditions, breaking down traditional genre boundaries.