SPEd 117

inclusive education

is an educational practice that places students with disabilities in the general education classroom typically developing children

inclusive education

It is anchored on the philosophy that every child has an inherent right to be educated equally with his peers, no matter the differences.

inclusive education

all children in the same classrooms, in the same schools. It means real learning opportunities for groups who have traditional disabilities but also speakers of minority language.

Concept of Diversity

encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique and recognizing our individual differences.

ability

the quality or state of being able to do something; competence in doing something

ability

natural aptitude or acquired proficiency

disability

any condition that prevents, delays or interferes with a child’s normal achievement and development

disability

a physical, mental, cognitive, or developmental condition that impairs, interferes with or limits a person’s ability to engage in certain tasks or actions or participate in typical daily activities and interactions

race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, ideologies

Loden's diversity wheel

• Charity Model

• Social Model

• Human Rights Model

• Economic Model

• Medical Model

Models of Disability

charity model

according to this model, a person's disability is a 'problem' in their body and good citizens should feel pity for the disabled person’s tragedy, or inspired by a disabled person's achievements.

charity model

• There is a view that people with disabilities are helpless people and need to be cared for.

• In this model, people with disabilities are regarded as objects with clarity and passive recipients of welfare.

• People feel pity for them, and the disable person is made to be entirely dependent from others.

medical model

includes terms like normal, abnormal, the disabled, the blind, person with disabilities, able-bodied, handicapped, suffering from, special needs, needs, and wheelchair-bound.

Medical model

• This disability is a 'problem' in their body that needs to be fixed or managed by medicine and science in order to live a 'normal' life.

• This model implied that a person with disability is broken or sick and that they need to be fixed or healed through medical intervention.

social model

A person is disabled by society’s placing of barriers to different types of access in all facets of civil and social life through attitudes, the physical environment and institutional norms

social model

• This model of disability focuses on eliminating barriers created by society or the physical environment.

• By eliminating attitudinal and environmental barriers, persons with disabilities can participate as active members of society and enjoy the full range of their rights.

economic model

This model of disability defines disability by a person's inability to participate in work.

economic model

• assesses the degree to which impairment affects an individual's productivity and the economic consequences for the individual, employer and the state.

• Such consequences include loss of earnings for and payment for assistance by the individual; lower profit margins for the employer; and state welfare payments.

• This model is directly related to the charity/tragedy model.

human rights model

From the mid 1980's countries such as Australia enacted legislation which embraced rights-based discourse rather than custodial discourse and seeks to address the issues of social justice and discrimination.

human rights model

• The emphasis in the 1980's shifted from dependence to independence as people with disabilities sought to have a political voice.

• Disability activism also helped to develop and pass legislation and entitlements became available to many people.

Adapted Physical Education (APE)

Specially designed physical education program, using accommodations designed to fit the needs of students who require developmental or corrective instruction in PE.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

disorder that re medical conditions characterized by a child's inability to focus, while possessing impulsivity, fidgeting and inattention.

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

A legally binding document that outlines the specific educational goals and services for a student with a disability.

accomodations

Changes made to the learning environment or materials to help a student with a disability access education.

modifications

Changes made to the curriculum or expectations to help a student with a disability achieve educational success.

inclusion

The practice of educating students with disabilities in general education classrooms alongside their peers without disabilities

developmental disability

refers to a severe, chronic disability of a child five years of ageor older

impairment disability

refers ro reduced function or loss of a specific part of the body or organ.

impairment disability

A person may have disabilities such as blindness or loss of vision, deafness or hard of hearing condition, mental retardation, learning disabilities, communication disorders, emotional and behavioral disorders, physical and health impairments and severe disabilities.

handicap

refers to a problem a person with disability or impairment encounters when interacting with people, events and the physical aspects of the environment.

handicap

A child with low vision or blindness cannot read the print or transcribed into braille.

at risk

refers to children who have greater chances than other children to develop a disability.

at risk

Children may meet accidents, suffer from certain diseases, malnutrition and other environmental deprivations that can lead to disabilities.