M1 Object-Oriented Paradigm and Java Fundamentals

Flashcards to help review lecture notes on Object-Oriented Paradigm and Java fundamentals.

Language

A way of communication between two persons, a person and a machine, or two machines.

Examples of Languages

English, French, Java, C++, Pascal, COBOL, Fortran, HTTP, TCP, SMTP, POP3

Classification of Languages

Natural, Artificial/Computer, Procedural, Non-Procedural, Structured, Object-Oriented, Object-Based, Predicate-Oriented

Features of Procedural Languages

Sequence, Selection, Repetition

Features of Structured Languages

Sequence, Selection, Repetition, Modular Programming

Features of Object-Oriented Languages

Sequence, Selection, Repetition, Class declaration, Object creation, Use of objects with properties and methods

Features of Object-Based Languages

Sequence, Selection, Repetition, Class declaration, Object creation, Use of objects with properties and methods (but class is already defined)

Features of Predicate-Oriented Languages

Sequence, Selection, Repetition, Predicates

Program

Set of instructions to solve a task/problem using a language.

Algorithm

A step-by-step procedure to solve a task/problem.

Translator Software

Translator Software converts high-level programs into low-level and vice versa, including compilers, interpreters, and assemblers.

Compiler

Java, C, translates all lines together, translates Java source code into Byte code

Interpreter

BASIC, Translates program line by line

Assembler

Use Mnemonic Code like ADD, JMP, SUB

Software Development Life Cycle

Ideation, Requirement, Design, Development, Testing, Deployment, Maintenance

Activities of Object-Oriented Life Cycle Model

Object-Oriented Analysis, Object-Oriented Design, Object-Oriented Programming

Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA)

Organize and specify software engineering requirements as objects found in the problem domain.

Object-Oriented Design (OOD)

Translate class objects and classes association using OOP languages to implement the model of the solution domain.

Main activities of Object-Oriented Design

Class data restructuring, method implementation, control implementation, association implementation

Stages of Object-Oriented Design (OOD)

Description of System’s Context, Defining system architecture, Object’s identification, Design model constructions, Object’s interface specification

System

A set of integrated components which work together to achieve a central goal.

Complex Systems

Wholes that are more than the sum of their parts whose behavior cannot be understood without looking at the individual components and how they interact

Hierarchic Structure

Components are in hierarchic relationships

Relative Primitives

Intracomponent linkages are generally stronger than intercomponent linkages

Separation of Concerns

This difference between intra- and intercomponent interactions provides a clear separation of concerns among the various parts of a system.

Common Patterns

Hierarchic systems are usually composed of only a few different kinds of subsystems in various combinations and arrangements.

Key Concepts of Object-Oriented Design

Central Role of Objects is notion of an object which is centered around a piece of data and the operations (or methods) that could be used to modify it.

Notion of a Class

Objects as different types of entities.Ideas of generalization and specialization terms help for different object’s views

Abstract Specification of Functionality

Properties of objects (and by implication the classes) that are needed by a system. This specification, called an interface or an abstract class

A Language to Define the System

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

Standard Solutions

Design patterns for recurrent solutions

Analysis Process to Model a System

Object-orientation provides us with a systematic way to translate a functional specification to a conceptual design.

MICE R+PIGS+

Messages, Class, Object & Object Identity, Relationships of entities, Polymorphism, Inheritance, Generics, State retention, Information hiding & Implementation hiding, Encapsulation

Special Characters in Java

Special characters used inside System.out.print/System.out.print like \n, \t, \r, \, \", %s, %d, %f