Social Studies 30-2 Unit 4 Rejecting Liberalism

Abdicate

To give up a high office or reponsibility.

Alternative Thought

A way of thinking about an issue that is different from the accepted or usual ideology.

Assimilation

To bring someone into a group in a way that minimizes or eliminates the differences between the individual and the group.

Authoritarianism

A form of government in which the ruler is dictator and promotes strict obedience to the authority of a state or organization.

Balance of power

The situation in which the relative strength of neighbouring states is essentially equal and, thus, discourages war.

Bourgeoisie

Karl Marx's term for people who own wealth and the means of production; that is, the rich capitalist class of people.

Brinkmanship

A foreign policy strategy of taking a country to the edge (brink) of war to accomplish a certain goal.

Centrally Planned Economy

Economy based on the idea of collectivism.

Civil Disobedience

Acting in a way that breaks the law or rules governing a society.

Cold War

A time of tension between 1945 and 1991 when no military engagement occurred between the superpowers.

Collective Security

The safety (security) of the group (collective).

Collectivization

The transfer from private to public or government ownership, especially in agriculture.

Containment

A foreign policy of limiting the expansion of an opponent's sphere of influence by using military, economic, and political means on international scale.

Detente

Policy that uses diplomacy and mediation to decrease tension between countries.

Deterrence

The foreign policy of preventing (deterring) and opponent from attacking by building a highly advanced military.

Dictator

A ruler with absolute owner and authority.

Dictatorship

A form of government in which on person has complete control over the country and its citizens.

Diplomacy

The process of countries speaking to on another to make agreements peacefully with each other.

Dissent

Difference in opinion from the accepted or established norm; refusal to conform to established ideology.

Elitism

The attitude that government should be by those who consider themselves superior to others by virtue of intelligence, superior to others by virtue of intelligence, social status, or greater accomplishment.

Enfranchisement

To be given the right to vote, but terminating the indigenous status and rights associated with it.

Environmentalism

An ideology of working toward protecting the natural environment from destruction or pollution.

Expansionism

A nation's practice or policy of territorial or economic expansion.

Extremism

The actions or ideology of these that are considered to be beyond what is acceptable.

Fascism

A political and economic system in which the government has complete control over society.

It is a single-party dictatorship that is intensely nationalistic, racists and militaristic.

Leninism

Ideology based on Russian revolution and leader, Lenin, and his interpretation of Marx's communist ideology.

Nationalization

The process of government takeover or private businesses.

Nazism

Ideology of the National Socialist Party (Nazi Party) of Germany whose leader was Adolf Hitler.

Non-alignment

The foreign policy of a country, usually a developing one, to not form an alliance with a superpower.

Proletariat

The working class an denied by Karl Marx.

Provisional Government

Temporary government until a general election can be held.

Reparation

Payment for war damages. If the victors in a war did not start the war, they usually force the defeated nations who started the war to pay for the damages caused during the war.

Sanctions

Actions by a group of nations used to change the behaviour of another nation.

Self-government

Political independence; able to govern oneself independent of outside influences.

Social Darwinism

The idea based on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution that in human society only the strongest should service.

Sphere of influence

1. Imperialism: A sphere of influence is an area that governs itself but in which an imperialist power claims sole right to trade or invest money. For example, before 1914, many European countries had spheres of influence in China.

2. Cold War: A sphere of influence is the extent to which a nation is able to extend its influence beyond its borders. During the Cold War, both the United States and Soviet Union had spheres of influence in various parts of the world. Canada and western European nations were within the American sphere of influence. As well, various nations in Africa, the Middle East, Central America, and South America came under the American umbrella. The sphere of influence of the Soviet Union included eastern Europe and much of Asia, which included Communist China, North Korea, North Vietnam, and Pakistan and various nations in Africa, the Middle East, Central America, and South America.

Stalinism

Ideology based on soviet dictator Joseph Stalin and his interpretation of Karl Marx's communist ideology.

Superpower

A nation that is or is among the most powerful of all countries, military and politically.

Totalitarianism

The belief that every aspect of citizen's lives should be controlled by the government.