neuroscince of exercise

what precent of adults >20 of age are physically inactive

25.3%

total sitting time

7.0 hours per day to 8.2 hours per day

cost of physical inactivity worldwide

$300 billion

cost of physical inactivity productivity losses worldwide

$67.5+ billion

cost of physical inactivity in the US

$117 billion

indirect $352 per person

How many reductions in steps can cause physical issues

-2812

or reduction 30% of active time

leading cuase of death in children

motor vehical crash 20%

kids die because of…

physiology

and crazy accidents

leading causes of deaths for adults

heart disease 23%

adults die because

lifestyle factors/choices

benefits of exercise

% decrease

breast cancer 60%

colon cancer 60%

heart disease 40%

stroke 27%

type 2 diabetes 58%

In 2024, about __ of adults were considered obese

20% or 1 in 5

most: indian or Alaskan native and black

Hispanic and white

least: asian

the head is __% meylin

33 (fattest)

total vertebrae

total movable

total fixed or fused

33

24

9

cervical

thoracic

lumbar

numbers and movable or fused?

C1-C7

T1-T12

L1-L5

movable

sacral

coccygeal

number and movable or fused?

S1-S5

Co1-Co4

fused

astocytes hold __% of glycogen that can be mobilized for glucose to support brain

15

football accident __ to _ G’s

60 130

when we are thirsty it is the hypothalamus signaling we are already dehydrated by __ %

2

pituitary target cells

pituitary hormone

site of action

action

of the hypothalamic hormone: growth hormone releasing hormone GHRH

pituitary target cells: somatotrophs

pituitary hormone: growth hormone GH

site of action: liver and other tissues (bone)

action: stimulates growth association with cognitive and motor tasks

pituitary target cells

pituitary hormone

site of action

action

of the hypothalamic hormone: gonadotropin releasing hormone

pituitary target cells: gonadotrophs

pituitary hormone: luteinizing hormone LH and follicle-stimulating hormone FSH

site of action: gonads

action: reproduction and secondary sex characteristics

pituitary target cells

pituitary hormone

site of action

action

of the hypothalamic hormone: corticotrophin hormone CRH

pituitary target cells: corticotrophs

pituitary hormone: adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH

site of action: adrenal glands

action: stress response

pituitary target cells

pituitary hormone

site of action

action

of the hypothalamic hormone: thyrotropin-releasing hormone

pituitary target cells: thyrotrophs

pituitary hormone: triiodothyronine T3 and tetraiodothyroine/thyroxine T4

site of action: thyroid and other tissues

action: metabolism

pituitary target cells

pituitary hormone

site of action

action

of the hypothalamic hormone: prolactin-releasing hormone PRH

pituitary target cells: lactotrophs

pituitary hormone: prolactin

site of action: mammary glands

action: lactation/ enhances LH function in males

lactation and LH spikes in those who lose consciousness after a concussion and goes back down 10-ish days later

But __% of concussions are associated with loss of consciousness

10

electrical signal down the axon is __ms

0.2

chemical signal in synaptic cleft is __ms

2

the infundibulum is about ad wide as

½ a pice of yarn

the cerbral corex is ___ thick

1.5-4.5mm

SA of brain

2200 cm² - 2400 cm²

__% of blood flow from heart goes to the brain

20%

increasing the intensity of exercise will promote an increase of bloodflow up to __ %

35%